ملازمي

كُلش مرتب communication skills

هاي الملزمة خاصة بدكتور فراس وبدفعة 97 سأل اغلب الطلبة الي امتحنهم منها، بيها تفاصيل مموجودة بماكلاود ف بس اطلعوا عليها وخصوصا ال unilateral clubbing

دكتور فراس يحبها بالباطنية

Medicine examination كلش مرتبة

اقروا هذا الدعاء قبل الامتحان 😊

شبابنا كل التوفيق ان شاء الله بامتحاناتكم العملية 🙏

https://t.me/Studytalk97/1746 هاي تجارب الجراحة دفعة 97

https://t.me/Golden_Mind97/1626 هنا تلكون اسئلة اوسكي باطنية دفعة 97

هنا نماذج chatgpt للاوسكي

د اوس 😃

كُلش يحبها ويسأل بيها وامتحني بيها هم

McBurney’s Point Function: McBurney’s point is used for auscultation of bowel sounds because it corresponds to the ileocecal valve. It also represents the base of the appendix, which makes it clinically important in abdominal examination. Location: McBurney’s point is located at the junction of the lateral one-third and medial two-thirds of a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the umbilicus on the right side. Auscultation of the Abdomen During abdominal auscultation, we listen for: ×Bowel sounds ×Bruits Bruits: Aortic bruit: Heard in the epigastric region, by placing the stethoscope 2 cm above the umbilicus. Renal bruit: Heard in the epigastric region, 2 cm above and lateral to the umbilicus on both sides. Bowel Sounds Bowel sounds are high-pitched, so they are best heard using the diaphragm of the stethoscope. Bowel sounds are considered present (positive) if they are heard within 15 seconds. Normally, bowel sounds occur 3–35 times over 3 minutes. During assessment, we evaluate both intensity and frequency. Interpretation of Bowel Sounds Normal: Normal frequency and intensity. Absent: Suggests late intestinal obstruction. Sluggish (hypoactive): Seen in postoperative ileus. Exaggerated (hyperactive): Suggests early intestinal obstruction. من ملاحظات الدكتور علاء حسين السلامي

اكو تيست ثاني ابسط من هذا الي هو deep occlusion test ببساطة اسوي reduction of hernia Patient standing position اخلي الـ index finger على الـ deep inguinal ring واطلب من المريض يگح اذا حسيت اكو bulge جوة اصبعي معناها indirect inguinal hernia اما اذا حسيت bulge على الـ medial side معناها direct inguinal hernia وهذا هو.

Patient Position (Very Important) Patient must be standing Examiner stands in front of the patient Hernia should be visible or elicited by coughing Standing increases intra-abdominal pressure and uses gravity—nature becomes your assistant. Placement of the Three Fingers (Core of the Test) 1️⃣ Index Finger → Deep Inguinal Ring 📍 Location: About 1–1.5 cm above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels 🔎 This is the entry point of an indirect inguinal hernia 2️⃣ Middle Finger → Superficial Inguinal Ring 📍 Location: Just above and medial to the pubic tubercle Over the posterior wall of the inguinal canal 🔎 This is where a direct inguinal hernia pushes through 3️⃣ Ring Finger → Femoral Canal 📍 Location: Below the inguinal ligament Lateral and inferior to the pubic tubercle 🔎 This is the pathway of a femoral hernia Performing the Test Ask the patient to cough or perform Valsalva maneuver Feel carefully for an impulse against your fingers Identify which finger receives the impulse Interpretation (High-Yield) 🔹 Impulse on Index Finger ➡️ Indirect inguinal hernia Why? Because the hernia passes through the deep inguinal ring and travels along the canal. 🔹 Impulse on Middle Finger ➡️ Direct inguinal hernia Why? Because it protrudes directly through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, medial to inferior epigastric vessels. 🔹 Impulse on Ring Finger ➡️ Femoral hernia ⚠️ Why this matters clinically Femoral hernias: Strangulate early Are common in females Require urgent surgical attention Common Exam Pitfalls ❌ Patient examined sitting or supine ❌ Incorrect finger placement ❌ Confusing pubic tubercle with inguinal ligament ❌ Forgetting that below the inguinal ligament = femoral One-Line Memory Trick Lateral + above ligament → Indirect Medial + above ligament → Direct Below ligament → Femoral