الطب البيطري veterinary medicine
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📈 Análisis del canal de Telegram الطب البيطري veterinary medicine
El canal الطب البيطري veterinary medicine (@dratefelhendi) en el segmento lingüístico de Árabe es un actor destacado. Actualmente la comunidad reúne a 10 284 suscriptores, ocupando la posición 2 820 en la categoría Medicina y el puesto 20 119 en la región Irak.
📊 Métricas de audiencia y dinámica
Desde su creación el невідомо, el proyecto ha mostrado un crecimiento acelerado, reuniendo a 10 284 suscriptores.
Según los últimos datos del 08 septiembre, 2024, el canal mantiene una actividad estable. En los últimos 30 días la variación de miembros fue de 1 019, y en las últimas 24 horas de 61, conservando un alto alcance.
- Estado de verificación: No verificado
- Tasa de interacción (ER): El promedio de interacción de la audiencia es 0%. Durante las primeras 24 horas tras publicar, el contenido suele obtener N/A% de reacciones respecto al total de suscriptores.
- Alcance de las publicaciones: Cada publicación recibe en promedio 0 visualizaciones. En el primer día suele acumular 0 visualizaciones.
- Reacciones e interacción: La audiencia responde de forma activa: el promedio de reacciones por publicación es 0.
📝 Descripción y política de contenido
El autor describe el recurso como un espacio para expresar opiniones subjetivas:
“معلومات وكتب طبية بيطرية”
Gracias a la alta frecuencia de actualizaciones (últimos datos recibidos el 09 septiembre, 2024), el canal mantiene la vigencia y un amplio alcance. La analítica demuestra que la audiencia interactúa activamente con el contenido, lo que lo convierte en un punto de referencia dentro de la categoría Medicina.
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| Fecha | Crecimiento de Suscriptores | Menciones | Canales | |
| 21 diciembre | +12 | |||
| 20 diciembre | +7 | |||
| 19 diciembre | +26 | |||
| 18 diciembre | +36 | |||
| 17 diciembre | +12 | |||
| 16 diciembre | +25 | |||
| 15 diciembre | +33 | |||
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| 13 diciembre | +26 | |||
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| 10 diciembre | +20 | |||
| 09 diciembre | 0 | |||
| 08 diciembre | +4 | |||
| 07 diciembre | +22 | |||
| 06 diciembre | +1 | |||
| 05 diciembre | +19 | |||
| 04 diciembre | +33 | |||
| 03 diciembre | +23 | |||
| 02 diciembre | +25 | |||
| 01 diciembre | +16 |
Publicaciones del Canal
Repost from Veterinary Books in PDF Form
Introduction to Animal and Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 4th Edition
https://www.pdfgrip.com/2021/05/17/functional-anatomy-and-physiology-of-domestic-animals-4th-edition/
Our Veterinary Telegram Group LINK:
https://t.me/veterinaryebook
| 2 | Anti-diarrheal drugs are generally not recommended, because retention of intestinal contents can lead to systemic complications and bacterial growth & movement.
Colloid therapy should be considered, when GI protein loss is severe.
Withhold water & food until cessation of vomiting
After 12-24 hours of vomiting subsided, offer easily digestible, low fat, liquid diet to the animal.
There is no evidence to support the use of serum from dogs recovered from CPV enteritis (convalescent or hyperimmune serum) as a means of passive immunization.
Prevention & Control
Strict hygienic measures should be adopted in a kennel where outbreak has set in.
Infected & diseased animals should be separated from the healthy animals.
All the excreta (feaces) should be properly disposed and the premises should be disinfected.
Vaccination with modified live vaccine is recommended.
@vets_hub | 136 |
| 3 | Canine Parvovirus (CPV)
👇👇👇👇
Canine parvovirus has emerged as a disease of puppies and young dogs. Any young dog presenting vomiting or/and diarrhea must be considered as a possible patient of canine parvovirus. Canine parvovirus infection is highly contagious and causes GI illness in young dogs.
Parvovirus is a single-stranded, non-enveloped, DNA virus. It is resistant to all commonly available detergents and disinfectants. It can also withstand high temperature and pH fluctuations.
Two types of canine parvovirus exist:
Canine parvovirus type-1 (CPV-1)
Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2)
CPV-1 has always been present in the canine population and is avirulent. While CPV-2 is considered as a modified feline panleukopenia virus. Clinical disease is largely attributed to CPV-2. Intact male dogs are more likely to develop CPV enteritis than intact female dogs.
CPV multiply in the rapidly dividing cells or cells that are undergoing mitosis. The virus has got an affinity for the lymphocytes and thus has some immunosuppressive effects. In the initial stage of canine parvovirus infection, there is leucopenia but this will not persist once the clinical symptoms appear.
How my dog can get CPV?
The virus is transmitted through direct contact with the infected animal or its excretions. The virus can also be transferred through contaminated environments, equipment, and water plus feeding bowels. Parvovirus is majorly excreted in feces and it enters into healthy animals through oral and nasal contact.
Clinical Signs
Two forms on basis of clinical manifestation are observed.
1. Parvo virus enteritis
Fever (initial stage of disease)
Inappetance
Refused to eat & apathetic in nature
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
Vomiting (frothy, yellow colored)
Diarrhea (foetid, small-bowel & hemorrhagic) (Diarrhea is non-hemorrhagic in 25% of dogs).
Polydipsia
Restlessness
Dehydration due to diarrhea & vomiting
Severly affected animals exhibit prolonged capillary refill time, poor pulse quality, tachycardia & hypothermia.
Death occurs due to dehydration leading to peripheral circulatory failure.
2. Parvovirus myocarditis
Pups under age of 10 weeks are usually suffered from this form.
Heart muscles are damaged
Circulatory failure
Death occurs due to cardiogenic shock
Canine Parvovirus Treatment
No specific treatment against canine parvovirus infection is available. Symptomatic treatment is performed. Intensive care is required to treat this infection. Be prepared for a 5-7 days hospital stay and a substantial expense.
Death due to parvovirus occurs as a result of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic abnormalities, heart failure due to myocarditis and secondary bacterial invasions.
Fluid Therapy
Fluid and electrolytes are to be given to restore the fluid and electrolyte losses. Potassium (potassium chloride 20–40 mEq/L) is usually added to the fluids and dextrose (2.5%–5%) is preferably added as stress causes hypoglycaemia in puppies.
Antibiotic Therapy (5-7 days)
Antibiotic therapy is essential to save the animal from bacterial invasion of the circulatory system (Sepsis). As the GI tract is damaged, so antibiotics should be given through IV/IM route. Antibiotics that are in use include
Cefazolin (22mg/kg, IV, three times daily)
2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporins (cefoxitin, ceftazidime, Cefovecin & others)
Ampicillin
Gentamycin (9-12 mg/kg/day, IV)
Chloramphenicol
Norfloxacin & nalidixic acids have been proved to be effective against canine haemorrhagic gastroenteritis (Basak et al., 1993).
NOTE: Aminoglycoside antibiotics must not be administered until dehydration has been corrected and fluid therapy established.
For persistence vomiting drugs like metaclopromide can be used (@ 0.5 mg/kg) at 8 hours interval. Other antiemetic that can be used include maropitant (1mg /kg/day IV) and ondansetron (0.5mg/kg, IV, three times daily). | 91 |
| 4 | Veterinary Parasitology
Milk spots: Ascaris suum
Balling up in horse: Parascaris equorum
Mud colour faeces: Toxocara vitulorum
Rat tail appearance: Oxyuris equi
Black head: Heterakis gallinae (Egg carrier of Histomonas meleagridis)
Parasitic otitis: Rabditis bovis
Black scours: Trichostrongylus worms
Villous atrophy: Trochostrongylus and Nematodirus
Ringworm lesions: Trichostrogylus
Morocco leather: Ostertagia ostertagi
Pulpy kidney disease (with Cl. welchi): nematodirus
Swimmer’s itch: Schistosoma spp (non human)
Foot rot in sheep: Strongyloides papillosus
Pimply gut: Oesophagostomum spp
Colic in horse: Cythiostomum tetracanthum
@vets_hub | 67 |
| 5 | Chemotherapy :
Part 1 :
Antibiotics - Aminoglycosides:
#Aminoglycoside
#First Aminoglycoside discovered ... Streptomycin (1944) by Waksman
#Aminoglycosides classification based on antibacterial spectrum:
Narrow spectrum - Streptomycin ( Streptomyces griseus) for G-ve bacteria.
Broad spectrum- Neomycin (S.fradiae) and kanamycin ( S.kanamycetius) - least active Aminoglycoside.
Extended spectrum (TAG) -Gentamicin( Micromonospora purpurea) , Amikacin and Tobramycin ( S.tenebrarius)
Effective for G+ve , G-ve , Pseudomonas and mycoplasma.
# Aminoglycoside used as an antihelminthic - Paromomycin ( first line of treatment for amoebiasis/giardiasis)
#Amikacin and Netilmicin - semisynthetic Aminoglycoside
#Sisomicin- derivative of Gentamicin
# Pure Aminocylitols....
Spectinomycin (used for gonorrhea ), Apramycin.
Properties of Aminoglycosides:
#Not effective in anaerobiosis ( only for aerobic bacteria)
# Aminoglycosides are basic polycations used against gram negative Aerobic bacteria.
#Optimum pH for activity is 6 to 8 ( not effective in pus and tissue debris because of acidic pH)
#Hydrophilic in nature ( Less oral bioavailability and Do not cross BBB)
#Concentration dependant bactericidal drug with post Antibiotic effect.
#Biphasic mode of bactericidal effect.
#Not effective in presence of Ca and Mg ions
#Beta lactams and Aminoglycosides have synergistic action.
#Aminoglycosides follow 3 compartment model .
Mechanism of action:
#Biphasic entry into Bacterial cell :-
Step 1 : Outside the bacterial cell to periplasm (via porins)
Step 2 : Periplasm to cytoplasm ( Oxygen dependant mechanism)
#Anaerobic bacteria - instrinsicly resistant.
#Drug irreversibly binds to 30s ribosomal subunit interfere with
i) Formation of initiation complex
ii) Misreading of codons ( faulty/ lethal protein synthesis)
iii) Premature termination of translation
iv) Inhibits Ribosomal translocation.
###Only protein synthesis inhibitor with #bactericidal effect....
Drug resistance :
Aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes - Nine transferases
( #Acetyl transferase , phosphoryl transferase......)
#Amikacin is resistant to Transferases but sensitive to Acetylase enzyme
#Partial resistance is characteristic of Aminoglycosides
Pharmacokinetics:
#Poor oral absorption
#Does not cross BBB
#Crosses placenta ( ototoxic in young animals )
#Accumulate in renal cortex for prolonged period
#Excreted unchanged in urine
Side effects:
#Nephrotoxicity - Reversible.
Aminoglycosides are cations(+ve ly charged ) attracted towards anionic (-ve ly charged ) renal tubular cell membrane phospholipids.
#Neomycin is the most nephrotoxic Aminoglycoside ( because of presence of 6 free amino groups #most ionised Aminoglycoside)
# streptomycin is the least nephrotoxic Aminoglycoside.
#GGT and NAG - markers in urine for Aminoglycoside induced nephrotoxicity
#Ototoxicity:
Drug accumulate in perilymph and endolymph of inner ear ...
Destruction of vestibular/cochlear hair cells (sensory cells) leads to Vestibular injury.
(Signs - Nystagmus, Deafness and vertigo).
#Neomycin - most ototoxic Aminoglycoside
#Streptomycin - Vestibulotoxic.
#Neuromuscular blockage ( Curare like action) when used continuously with general anaesthetics.
Aminoglycoside inhibits Ach release by antagonise Ca-mediated endocytosis.
Drug interactions:
#Synergism with beta lactams ( Streptopenicillin and Neomycin with bacitracin)
#Do Not used along with cephalosporins ( additive nephrotoxicity) and with loop diuretics (ototoxic)
Clinical uses:
#RTI
#Mastitis ( Gentamicin )
#Eye infection( Gentamicin and Tobramycin)
#Osteoarthritis
#Foot rot( Streptopenicillin)
#Dry cow therapy ( Neomycin + Penicillin G)
#Tuberculosis (Amikacin and streptomycin) with Isoniazid.
#Subclinical mycoplasmosis in avians ( Amikacin).
#Antipseudomonal Aminoglycosides ( TAG - Tobramycin, Amikacin, Gentamicin)
https://t.me/vets_hub | 78 |
| 6 | +2 الاعجاز العلمي-عالم النحل.pdf | 11 |
| 7 | أمراض الدواجن وعلاجها.pdf | 4 |
| 8 | التكسوبلازما.pdf | 6 |
| 9 | امراض الكلاب وطرق العلاج منها.pdf | 6 |
| 10 | أمراض القطط و كيفيه علاجها.pdf | 6 |
| 11 | .100 Top Consultations in Small Animal General Practice .pdf | 5 |
| 12 | الحمى النزفية في الإبل.pdf | 4 |
| 13 | الإجراءات المطلوبة لابل | 4 |
| 14 | فيزيولوجيا_التناسل_والتلقيح_في_الابقار.pdf | 4 |
| 15 | الالبان | 4 |
| 16 |  Sin texto... | 4 |
| 17 | +3 Vet Scan Book.pdf | 4 |
| 18 | 5_6278167731963431537.pptx | 5 |
| 19 | Mastitis | 6 |
| 20 | Clinical Veterinary Advisor The Horse
https://www.pdfgrip.com/2021/02/13/clinical-veterinary-advisorthe-horse/
Our Veterinary Telegram Group LINK:
https://t.me/veterinaryebook | 6 |
