English Newspaper Analysis & UPSC Pre- Mains

The above is just a draft guideline by RBI. RBI has increased the provisioning required for Project finance (loans for which there is no additional collateral and the lenders expect to receive the principal and interest payment only from the specific project revenues to which the lender has provided loan). Because of increase in provisioning requirement, Lenders will have to keep an additional amount for any future losses due to loans given for project finance (which are risky). So, due to provisioning, the account books of banks will change.... students don't need to go in detail as it requires an understanding of accounting concepts, but let me just put it in simple words. Suppose a bank did provisioning of Rs. 100 crore amount then this amount will be subtracted from the income statement (as loss) and the same will be adjusted in the balance sheet of the bank due to which 'Common Equity Tier 1 capital' will get reduced which will result in reduction in 'Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)' [which is includes Tier 1 capital on numerator] and it also increases banks cost (of lending) as this much amount can't be lent.

Source: Indian Express. Read only the highlighted text and see the explanation below.

Constitutional provision: Article 39 (b) and (c) one of the socialistic principles in DPSP talks from this perspective: Ie: Distribution of wealth and checking the concentration of wealth in few hands. As per world Inequality report, top 10% of the country's population have a share of 65% of the wealth. And the bottom 50% have a share of 6.5% of wealth. Constitutional Provision: As we all know Right to property was Fundamental right till 1978. Before that the controversy erupted many times because of clash between DPSP and FR. When Government was bringing any law for land reform so that the ideals of article 39 (b) and (c) can be achieved, it was being challenged every time. Looking into this condition Government introduced article 31 (c) and says any law to enforce 39 (b)(c) even if taking FR 14, 19 and 31, it is fine and cant be challenged in the court. This was challenged in Keshavanand Bharati Case where judiciary has upheld (ki ok, bring the law to enforce 39 (b)(c)) but it will be under judicial review. But now as after 1991, market economy has been adopted, it has resulted into inequality. It is important to understand that congress policies is not going to work as in the past also, such policies of high tax rates, wealth tax has been imposed, result was concealment of wealth not distribution.

#Polity GS Paper 2 Context: Congress manifesto says if they come in power, there will be financial survey and redistribution of property and even promised to give 1 lakh per annum if voted in power.

Universal Immunisation Program: It was first introduced in 1985, became a part of the National Reproductive and Child Health Programme in 1997. Under UIP, immunization is provided free of cost against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases: Nationally against 9 diseases: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Rubella(a severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis), Hepatitis B, and Meningitis & Pneumonia which is caused by Hemophilus Influenza type B Sub-nationally against 3 diseases: Rotavirus diarrhoea, Pneumococcal Pneumonia, and Japanese Encephalities. Mission Indradhanush: Started 2014 in an effort to speed up the full immunisation coverage for all children and expectant women. Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) to significantly enhance the immunization campaign.Target is every kid under the age of two with this initiative as well as all pregnant women who were not vaccinated as part of the UIP is to be covered. Achievements: 1. 76% of the Children has been vaccinated completely as per NFHS. 2. Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN) system, digitises all aspects of vaccine stock management, logistics, and temperature monitoring at all levels of vaccine storage, from the national to the sub-district. 3. National Cold Chain Management Information System (NCCMIS) to monitor the inventory, accessibility, and performance of cold chain equipment.

#Polity GS Paper 2 Context: A candidate from Surat has been declared winner without election in that constituency because his opposition nomination paper has been rejected by the returning officer on the ground that the signature of the proposer of the candidate is forged. UNDERSTAND THE RULES

National Policy on Street Vendors 2004 is defined as a person who offers goods and services for the sale of Public without having a permanently built structure. According to the Ministry of Housing and Poverty alleviation, there are approximately 10 million street vendors in India. The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014 1. Any person above 14 years of age, who is a street vendor has to register him/herself with the Town Vending Committee (TVC). 2. The TVC shall have a 40% representation from street vendors and another 10% from civil society. The remaining would be represented by local authorities, residential associations etc,. 3. Every street vendor has to obtain a certificate of vending from TVC, for which he/she will be issued with an identity card. 4. The local authorities shall frame a street vending plan, which shall be revised every 5 years. The plan should contain free vending zones, restricted vending zones, and no-vending zones. There is also a provision to provide credit insurance and welfare schemes to the street vendors by the appropriate government. 5. There is a provision for independent Grievance Redressal Mechanism composed of a retired judicial officer. Challenges: 1. Income is minimal and they are also forced to pay bribes to Police and Municipal Bodies. 2. They are usually associated with the encroachment of Public places and thus eviction takes a heavy toll on their business. 3. The act does not integrate with the 74th CAA 4. They are considered AS HINDRANCE in the development. SUGGESTION 1. Promote and develop natural market system 2. Having Cooperatives and SHG for urban areas. 3. Pheriwala Action Committee:- Lobbies on various issues affecting street vendors 4. National Association of Street vendors of India:- Celebrated World Food Day to highlight the values of Street vendors.

Section 33 of RPA 1951 says the candidate from the recognised party need only one proposer for nomination and candidate from unrecognised needs 10 proposers. A candidate can file 4 nomination paper with different proposers. Section 36 of RPA says if the signature of the proposer is not genuine, it is a ground for rejection of the candidature. In the case of Surat, congress candidate has filed 3 sets of nomination papers and the signature of proposers in all these sets were found forged. That's why returning officer has rejected his candidature. The rules allow for the substitution of the candidate in such case , but another candidate who has been substituted in his place, his nomination paper was also rejected for the same reason. This is the reason that BJP Candidate was declared as winner. In such matter, only way out is to go to Gujrat HC, because election petition can be filed in HC on the ground that nomination paper has been rejected in improper way as congress is saying all the proposers have been coerced.