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🔆United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) Year 1994 Objectives: To combat desertification and mitigate (decline or decrease) the effects of drought through national action programs. Legally binding India for the first time hosted the 14th session of the Conference of Parties (COP-14) of the (UNCCD) The theme of the Conference was "Restore land, Sustain future“. 🔆Bonn Convention Name: Bonn Convention Members 129 Objectives: Conserve migratory species within their migratory ranges. Not legally binding 🔆Ramsar Convention Year 1975 Objectives: Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands Not legally binding Important Points It is the first and only global treaty for the conservation of a particular ecosystem. 10 new sites of india..in news 🔆 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer Year 1985 Objectives: Providing frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons. Not legally binding 🔆Montreal Protocol Year 1987 Objectives: To protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. Legally binding Important Points Kigali agreement (2016) is an amendment to Montreal Protocol. Kigali Amendment is effective from 2019. 🔆Minamata Convention Minamata Convention on Mercury under UNEP Year 2013 Objectives: Designed to protect human health and the environment from mercury and mercury compounds. Legally binding Important Points The Convention is named after the Japanese city Minamata. 🔆 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Year 2001 Objectives: It aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Legally binding Important Points The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) is the designated interim financial mechanism for the Stockholm Convention. 🔆Rotterdam Conventions Year 1998 Objectives: Promote shared responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals. Legally binding 🔆Basel Convention Name: Basel Convention Year 1989 Objectives: Designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs) Legally binding. It does not, however, address the movement of radioactive waste. 🔆CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) Year 1973 Objectives: To protect endangered plants andanimals. Legally binding 🔆UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Year 1992 Objectives: To reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases . Not legally binding. CoP-25 -Madrid Join>> @dailynewscom

➡️international organisation in news 🔆financial action task force Year: 1989 Member Countries: 37 Headquarters: Paris Reports and Indices Released: Global Money Laundering Report Pakistan-Gray list 🔆UN security council Year: 1944 Member Countries: 15 5 Permanent Countries- USA, France, UK, Russia, China 10 Non Permanent Countries Headquarters: New York India is elected as Non Permanent member for the 8th time. 🔆international criminal court 2002 Charter: Rome Statute Member Countries: 124 (Recently Malaysia joined) Headquarters: The Hague India is not a member. USA and China are also not members 🔆UN human right council 2006 Member Countries: 47 Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Recent Issues USA has quit UNHRC India is elected to UNHRC (2017-2021). 🔆WHO 1948 Member Countries: 194 Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland USA has quit WHO over the handling of COVID 19 India is elected to the Executive Committee Join>> @dailynewscom

Gilgit-Baltistan to Become a Pakistani Province (Map-based) Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations In news Recently, Pakistan has decided to elevate Gilgit-Baltistan’s status to that of a full-fledged province. Gilgit-Baltistan is one of the disputed territories of India. Key takeaways Gilgit-Baltistan is an autonomous region now and with this elevation, it will become the 5th province of the country. Currently, Pakistan has four provinces – Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh. This elevation will lead to adequate representation from the province on all constitutional bodies, including the National Assembly and the Senate. The Government will also start working on the Moqpondass Special Economic Zone (SEZ) under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). India has held that the Government of Pakistan or its judiciary has no locus standi on territories illegally and forcibly occupied by it. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict (Map-based) Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations In news Recently, territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh region has re-erupted with heavy clashes. Armenia and Azerbaijan are part of Transcaucasia or South Caucasia. It is a geographical region in the vicinity of the southern Caucasus Mountains on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus are a strategically important mountainous region in south-east Europe. For centuries, different powers in the region – both Christian and Muslim – have vied for control there. Do you know? Nagorno-Karabakh region has 95% of the population as ethnically Armenian and is controlled by them but it is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

#INTWERVIEW_QUESTION #Personal_Interview 🔸 Important for AFSB Interview 🔸 Q)Do the airfields in Ladakh restrict operations to only certain aircraft or can all aircraft be used? A)All air fields in the Ladakh area can be used by the transport aircraft we have, although weather requirements will vary from one aircraft to the other. It depends on the navigational aids on board the aircraft, and the competence of the crew. That is why air crews are detailed depending on the mission. Q)In a long haul, or in the eventuality of a kinetic war, the IAF will also have to transport back and forth mechanised weapons etc for repair, maintenance, etc. Can our aircraft profile cater to it? A)Bringing back loads from the forward air fields is not a problem. However, that has to be prioritised vis-à-vis personnel, casualties, and vital equipment such as avionics. Q)What kind of logistics support in terms of fuel, repair, etc does the IAF require for such an operation? A)All the air fields have enough stock of fuel, oil, and lubricants (FOL) for which detailed planning is done around the clock. There is a well-oiled logistics chain that has been fine-tuned by the IAF in the last six-seven decades of operation. The Army Service Corps (ASC) also plays an important part in ground positioning of fuel in forward posts. It places aviation turbine fuel in barrels in advanced fields, while Leh and Thoise have got fuel bowsers. For more @dailynewscom