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💉 CERVAVAC: • CERVAVAC is India’s first indigenously developed vaccine to prevent cervical cancer. • It was developed by Serum Institute of India (SII) and it was was approved by the Drug Controller General of India in July. • CERVAVAC is a quadrivalent vaccine, meaning it is effective against at least four variants of cancer-causing Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). • Annually, about 1.25 lakh women are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and over 75,000 die from the disease in India. • Close to 83% of invasive cervical cancers in India and and 70% of cases worldwide are attributed to HPV-types 16 or 18. • HPV transmission is influenced by sexual activity and age. Almost 75% of all sexually active adults are likely to be infected with at least one HPV type. • Though vaccines are reportedly effective in both males and females, there is a greater push to inoculate adolescent girls and women as they are more prone to contracting cancer from an HPV infection. • Besides CERVAVAC, two vaccines licensed globally are available in India; a quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil, marketed by Merck) and a bivalent vaccine (Cervarix, marketed by Glaxo Smith Kline). • Both vaccines are manufactured by recombinant DNA technology that produces non-infectious VLPs (Virus Like Particles) comprising of the HPV L1 protein. • CERVAVAC is also made using an approach that introduces VLP to stimulate an immune response from the body resulting in production of antibodies.

🗞 Fifth Scorpène-class submarine Vagir delivered to Navy: • The fifth Scorpène-class conventional submarine, Vagir, was delivered to the Navy by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) Mumbai on December 20. It is scheduled to be commissioned into service next month. • Vagir was launched into water on November 12, 2020 and commenced sea trials on February 1, 2022. • The sixth and last of the Scorpène-class submarines, Vagsheer, was launched into water in April 2022 and is expected to be delivered to the Navy by end 2023. • Six Scorpene submarines are being built under Project-75 by MDL under technology transfer from Naval Group of France under a $3.75 billion deal signed in October 2005. The project is about four years behind schedule. • The first submarine INS Kalvari was commissioned in December 2017, second submarine INS Khanderi in September 2019, third one INS Karanj in March 2021 and the fourth one INS Vela joined service in November 2021. • Parallelly, the tender to build six more advanced conventional submarines under Project-75I is in the Request For Proposal (RFP) stage but has suffered delays. • The Navy currently has 15 conventional and 1 nuclear submarine in service. It includes 7 Russian Kilo class submarines, 4 German HDW submarines, 4 Scorpene class submarines and the indigenous nuclear ballistic missile submarine INS Arihant. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fifth-scorp%C3%A8ne-class-submarine-vagir-delivered-to-navy/article66284661.ece

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