pace your MRCP-PACES

👉 *IMPORTANT 475* 👈 *The Complications of Renal Replacement Therapy* It can be remembered in 3 headings 1) Complications Of Hemodialysis 2) Complications Of Peritoneal Dialysis 3) Complications Of Renal Transplantation paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 474👈* *Causes Of Tenderness Over The Graft* Graft Rejection Graft Infection paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 473👈* *Few Indications for Nephrectomy in ADPKD* Peristent Pain Recurrent Pyelonephritis Rescurrent Stone formation To Obtain Extra Rooom for Renal Transplantation If Massively Enlarged. paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 472👈* *Few Complications Of ADPKD* ESRD Rupture of Berry`s aneurysm = SAH = Neurological deficit Recurrent urinary infections & Recurrent abdominal pain 2ry polycythemia = Hyper-Coagulable State HTN MVP (Mitral Valve Prolapse) Recurrent Kideny Stones (Uric Acid/Oxalate) paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 471👈* *Few Complications Of Nephrotic Syndrome* Renal vein thrombosis (protein C & S deficiency)= Sudden loin pain and hematuria, AKI. Atheroma & IHD Malnutrition Recurrent Infections (Loss of Immunoglobulins in urine) DVT (Hypercoagulable state) paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 470👈* *Few Indications for Surgery of crohn,s disease* Persistent Symptoms Despite High Dose Steroids Toxic Megacolon Strictures Intractable Fistula Perforation Or Cancer paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 466👈* *Complications Of Thalassemia* Complications Of The Disease Skeletal deformities Severe Anemia Heart failure Gall stones paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 465👈* *Causes of Tender Hepatomegaly* Acute Viral hepatitis Budd-Chiari syndrome Congestive cardiac failure Malignancy Tricuspid regurgitation (pulsatile) paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 464👈* *Tip for History taking When the scenario involves a patient with a known disease that presents with uncontrolled symptoms, noncompliance with currently prescribed medications can be a common differential that you have to explore in detail during the consultation. paceUrMRCP.

👉 IMPORTANT 462👈 Ultrasound diagnostic criteria in people with positive family history of ADPKD • < 30 years old: at least two unilateral or bilateral cysts (consider rescanning after 30 years old if criteria not met) • 30–60 years old: two cysts in each kidney • > 60 years old: more than four cysts in each kidney. paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 463👈* Always mention to avoid contact sports in a case of APKD. paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 461👈* *possible differentials for bilateral palpable kidneys* Bilateral hydronephrosis Amyloidosis Renal cell carcinoma Bilateral kidney cysts Tuberous sclerosis Von Hippel Lindau. paceUrMRCP.

Heartiest congratulations To Dr Sarah Babiker. For passing MRCP 2 WRITTEN. She has been a keen member of our WhatsApp group for MRCP 2 Preparation. We wish her the best for her future.

*👉 IMPORTANT 451👈* *Features of enlarged Spleen* Cannot get above mass Moves downwards & medially with inspiration Splenic Notch Percussion note Dull Not Ballotable paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 450👈* *Common scars in abdomen* (Stretch the abdomen skin if the patient is obese to see the scars) Lt. Subcostal = Splenectomy= Cr.H.A (Chronic Hemolytic Anaemia) Rt.Subcostal = Cholecystectomy = Cr.H.A Laparoscopy = Cholecystectomy = Chr.H.A, Crohn`s disease Ascites Tapping scars Peritoneal Dialysis Rt. Illiac Fossa Scar = Renal Transplant /Appendectomy Mid Line Scar/Multiple Scars =Crohns Mercedes Benz Scar = Liver Transplantation paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 449👈* Always remember to feel for Dupuyterin`s Contracture or its scar in a case of CLD. paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 448👈* *Hepatomegaly – causes:* Cirrhosis Congestive cardiac failure Cancer (liver, metastatic, haematological) Infection (hepatitis, hydatid cyst, amoebic pyogenic abscess ) Infiltration (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, storage diseases) Alcoholic hepatitis paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 447👈* *Causes of CLD:* Metabolic causes, e.g. Wilson’s, haemochromatosis, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency Alcohol Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Drugs, e.g. phenytoin, isoniazide, methotrexate Infections, e.g. bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus)/parasitic (amoebiasis,hydatid disease) Viral hepatitis, e.g. hepatitis B and C Autoimmune causes, e.g. autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis paceUrMRCP.

*👉 IMPORTANT 446👈* *Causes of decompensation of CLD* • Electrolyte imbalances • Bleeding • Infection • Drugs and alcohol • Constipation. paceUrMRCP.

Heartiest congratulations To Dr Tanzeel Rehman. For passing MRCP 2 WRITTEN. He has been a keen member of our WhatsApp group for MRCP 2 Preparation. We wish him the best for his future.