Industrial 48 ⚙🔩⛓

عملي السمر

مساء الخير 🤍 عاوزين نفكركم إن موجود ورق سبع سنابل وصناديق التبرع في المكتبات📩 وكمان إن شاء الله من أول الامتحان الجاي هنبدأ نجمع التبرعات💸 جايز تكون قرفان ومضغوط من الإمتحانات ، بس انت من غير ماتدرك غرقان في نعم ربنا ! والنعم دي أعظم من الامتحانات ربنا يعدي الفترة دي على خير ويهوّن علينا جميعاً❤️)" https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=354537999437071&id=100046426223523

محدش ينسى النهارده ان شاء الله هنكون موجودين قبل وبعد الامتحان 🥺🤍 تصدق بنية الفرج ف الامتحان🤍🥺

🚫مهم🚫

🍄 crystallization 👉 Provide crystalline material with desired range 👉 purification syep 👉 increase flowability Crystal 👉 arranged in regular manner 👉 specific shape 👉 independent of size 👉 irregular crystals indicates impurities NaCL 👉 cubic faces only NaCL + urea 👉 octahedral faces

🍄 Film evaporator 👉 solution is spread as a film formed naturally or by mechanical means 👉 to increase heat transfer surface area ,heat transfer rate 👉 Climbing film evaporator 👉 thermolabile materials , insulin , liver extract , vitamins 👉 the friction between vapour and liquid 👉 film climbs the tube at velocities up to 6:7 meters / second

🍄 Forced circulation evaporators 👉 Forced evaporator with internal heating element 👉 for viscous liquids , Foaming liquids , those tend to deposit scale 👉Forced circulation evaporator with external heating element 👉 evaporator body acts as a flash chamber 👉 tangential inlet helps in liberating the vapour bubbles from the liquid surface 👉 hydrostatic head prevents liquid boiling in the heater , pressure decreased , boiling 👉 horizontal heater is used for easy cleaning and replacement but needs large area 👉 crystalline solids salt brines and the electrolytic caustic solution

🍄 natural circulation evaporators 👉Evaporating pan 👉 inner pan (liner pan) & outer pan (jacket) 👉 not suitable for thermolabile materials (natural convection current) ( reduced pressure ) ( pharmaceutical material are dissolved in organic solvents as alcohol 👉 aqueous and thermostable liquors as extract of liquorice which may form froth on agitation or fast liquid circulation

👉 evaporating still 👉vapor is condensed 👉 speed evaporation & reduces inconvenience 👉to be used for solvents other than water 👉 evaporate solutions of thermolabile substances 👉 not equipment of choice of thermolabile

👉🌹 tube evaporator 👉 horizontal tube evaporator 👉 steam inside the tube 👉 a good column above the liquid to reduce entrainments 👉 determination of liquor concentration ( sight glasses)(analysis) 👉 batch or continuous 👉 natural convection current 👉 unsuitable for evaporating viscous solutions and solution that form solid deposits 👉 foams aren't broken