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QUESTION 2 (a) Four conditions for a valid Muslim marriage Consent of both parties – Both Amina and Abu must willingly agree to the marriage without force. Presence of witnesses – At least two reliable witnesses must be present during the marriage contract. Payment of dowry (Mahr) – The groom must give a marriage gift to the bride as agreed. Approval of guardian (Wali) – The bride’s guardian must give consent for the marriage. (b) Two challenges they may face Financial difficulties – They may struggle to provide basic needs, especially at the early stage. Misunderstanding and conflicts – Differences in opinions may lead to quarrels if not handled well. (c) Four principles to sustain the marriage Love and mutual respect – They should value and respect each other always. Faithfulness – Both partners must remain loyal to each other. Effective communication – They should talk openly and settle issues peacefully. Patience and tolerance – They must learn to forgive and endure each other’s weaknesses. QUESTION 3 (a) Four activities that destroyed the forest Illegal logging – Cutting down trees without control. Bush burning – Setting fire to the forest for hunting or farming. Charcoal burning – Excessive cutting of trees for charcoal production. Farming and land clearing – Clearing large areas of forest for agriculture. (b) Two ways to restore the forest Afforestation and reforestation – Planting new trees to replace the lost ones. Enforcing laws – Punishing those who destroy the forest unlawfully. (c) Four reasons to save the forest Preserves wildlife and biodiversity. Prevents soil erosion and desertification. Provides resources like timber and medicine. Helps in rainfall formation and climate regulation. QUESTION 4 (a) Four unacceptable deeds by young people Stealing or dishonesty. Disrespecting elders. Bullying or insulting others. Engaging in drug abuse or alcoholism. (b) Four steps Nancy can take Admit her wrongdoing – She should accept that her action was wrong. Feel remorse – She should genuinely regret what she did. Apologize to the old woman – She should go and say sorry sincerely. Make amends – She can help the woman or support her to correct her mistake. QUESTION 5 (a) Four rules and regulations in a community Respect for elders and authority. Obeying community laws and customs. No stealing or harming others. Participating in communal activities. (b) Four consequences of lawlessness Increase in crime and violence. Breakdown of peace and order. Lack of respect among community members. Slow development of the community.

Home for animals: Many animals live in the forest and will die if it is destroyed. Medicinal plants: Some trees and herbs in the forest are used to cure sicknesses. Firewood and food: The villagers get firewood, fruits, and mushrooms from the forest. ---

. --- SECTION A - COMPULSORY (a) Four actions or behaviours Amani is likely to exhibit because of his beliefs which are likely to disrupt the peace of the village. [8 marks] Forcing his religion on others: Amani may try to make other villagers follow only his religious practices and tell them their festivals are wrong. Refusing to join community activities: He may not attend the festivals of other religions in the village, which makes people feel he is disrespecting them. Preaching against other religions: Amani might speak badly about other people's beliefs during conversations, causing arguments. Isolating himself from others: He may stop helping his neighbours or working with them because he feels they are not "correct" like him. (b) Explain to Amani four reasons for which he should reconsider his line of thought. [12 marks] Peace in the village depends on respect: Before Amani came, people of different religions lived peacefully because they respected each other. If he continues, the peace will be lost. No religion is better than another: Every religion teaches good things. Thinking his religion is best makes others angry and leads to conflict. Unity helps development: When villagers join festivals and help each other, the village develops. If he divides people, the village will not progress. He is a stranger in the village: As a new person, he should learn from the villagers who have lived together peacefully for years, instead of bringing confusion. --- SECTION B - Answer two questions only (a) Explain to her four conditions they would have to meet if they want their marriage to be valid. [8 marks] Consent of both partners: Amina and Abu must both agree to marry each other without being forced. Dowry (Mahr): Abu must give Amina a marriage gift as required in Islam. Witnesses: There must be at least two Muslim witnesses present during the marriage. Guardian’s consent: Amina’s guardian, usually her father, must agree to give her out in marriage. (b) Outline to them two challenges they are likely to encounter as a couple. [4 marks] Differences in upbringing: They may have been raised differently and may disagree on how to do things at home. Financial problems: Managing money together, especially at the start of marriage, can cause misunderstanding. (c) Advise Amina as a friend on four key principles they would need to practice in their intended marriage to sustain it. [8 marks] Patience: They should be patient with each other’s faults and forgive when one person offends the other. Communication: They must talk about their problems openly instead of keeping them in their hearts. Trust: They should trust each other and avoid being jealous without reason. Respect: Both Amina and Abu must respect each other’s opinions, family, and beliefs. --- (a) Explain to Akosua four activities the villagers might have engaged in to bring the forest to its current state. [8 marks] Illegal logging: The villagers may have cut down trees without replanting for timber or firewood. Bush burning: Setting fires to clear land for farming could have destroyed many plants and animals. Overgrazing: Allowing too many animals to feed in the forest may have eaten all the young plants. Improper waste disposal: Dumping refuse in the forest can pollute the soil and kill trees. (b) State two ways Akosua’s village can bring back the glory of the forest. [4 marks] Afforestation: The villagers can plant new trees to replace the ones that were cut down. Create forest laws: The chief and elders can make rules to stop people from cutting trees without permission. (c) Highlight four reasons in support of why Akosua’s village should save the forest. [8 marks] Source of rainfall: The forest helps bring rain which is good for their farms.

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