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رات تج٠ÙÙ Blood vessels
Q1: What are the three layers of a blood vessel wall?
Q2: What is the function of the fenestrations in the internal elastic lamina?
Q3: Why do large blood vessels need Vasa Vasorum?â
Q4: What is the main component of the Tunica Media in large arteries vs. medium arteries?
Q5: What is the main structural difference between post-capillary venules and muscular venules?
Q6: State three differences between a medium-sized artery and a medium-sized vein under the microscope.
ÙØªØ¹Ø±ÙÙÙ ÙØ¹ÙدÙ
Cell of epidermis:
⢠Keratinocytes
⢠Melanocytes
⢠Langerhans cells
⢠Merkel cellsÙÙØ°Ø§ ØÙ Ø§ÙØ§Ø³ØŠÙØ© ز٠٠ا Ø·ÙØšØªÙا Ù ÙÙ... ð
1. Types of Capillaries
ð¢ Continuous
ðžEndothelium: continuous
ðžBasement membrane: continuous
ðžLow permeability
ðžSite: muscle, skin, CNS (BBB)
ð¡ Fenestrated
ðžHas pores (fenestrae)
ðžâ permeability
ðžSome with diaphragm
ðžSite: kidney, endocrine glands, intestine
ðŽ Sinusoidal (Discontinuous)
ðžWide irregular lumen
ðžLarge gaps + incomplete BM
ðžHighest permeability
ðžSite: liver, spleen, bone marrow
2. Pericyte Function
ðžSupport capillaries
ðžContract â regulate blood flow
ðžHelp angiogenesis (new vessels)
ðžStem cell-like â repair & regeneration
ðžMaintain vessel stability
3. LM vs EM
â§L/M (Light Microscope):
ðžShows the general structure of the vessel wall
ðžIdentifies the three layers: Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica adventitia
ðžShows basic tissue organization
â§ E/M (Electron Microscope):
ðžShows ultra-structural details
ðžCell junctions between endothelial cells
ðžEndothelial fenestrae (pores)
ðžBasement membrane details
ðžPericyte structure and fine features
4. Skeletal vs Cardiac Muscle
ðŠ Skeletal
ð¹Voluntary
ð¹Long cylindrical fibers
ð¹Many nuclei (peripheral)
ð¹No intercalated discs
ð¹Fatigues
ð¥ Cardiac
ð¹Involuntary
ð¹Branched cells
ð¹1â2 central nuclei
ð¹Intercalated discs present
ð¹Continuous rhythmic contraction
â Ù
راجع٠ع Ø§ÙØ³Ø±Ùع
â§Capillaries = (Closed â Open â Very Open)
â§ Continuous â Fenestrated â Sinusoidal
â§Muscle:
° Skeletal = âPowerâ
° Cardiac = âForever beatingâÙØ°Ø§ ØªÙØ±Ùغ ÙÙ ØØ§Ø¶Ø±Ø© Ù Ù Ù ØØ§Ø¶Ø±Ø§Øª Ø§ÙØ¯ÙØªÙØ±Ø© ÙÙ CVS
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