الكلية الوطنية فرع صعدة بك تمريض

Types of IV fluids Isotonic.

Types of IV fluids Hypotonic.

Types of IV fluids Hypertonic.

pleural conditions at a glance.

🫁 PLEURAL CONDITIONS AT A GLANCE: Know the Difference Several pleural disorders can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, and decreased breath sounds, but the underlying problem is different in each one. 🔴 Hemothorax → blood collects in the pleural space, often after trauma 🔵 Pneumothorax → air enters the pleural space and may cause partial or complete lung collapse 💧 Pleural effusion → excess fluid accumulates around the lung 🟡 Empyema → infected pus collects in the pleural space, often as a complication of pneumonia Common assessment findings may include dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, decreased breath sounds, and abnormal percussion findings. A tension pneumothorax can rapidly become life-threatening and may cause hypotension and tracheal deviation. 💡 Quick memory tip: Hemothorax = blood Pneumothorax = air Pleural effusion = fluid Empyema = pus ⚠️ Sudden or worsening respiratory distress requires urgent assessment. https://t.me/httpstmeUqh5pTnzVJA4MDI8

Abnormnal Urine Colour and Smell

9 Abnormal Urine Colours & Smells Urine colour and smell can change because of hydration, foods, vitamins, medicines, infections, liver problems, blood in urine, or metabolic conditions. Many changes are harmless, but persistent or unexplained changes should be checked. 🟣 1. Dark Yellow Urine ➟ Usually suggests dehydration or concentrated urine ➟ Drinking more fluids often makes it lighter 🟣 2. Cloudy Urine ➟ May occur with a UTI, crystals, mucus, or vaginal contamination ➟ Burning urination, urgency, or fever makes infection more likely 🟣 3. Red or Pink Urine ➟ May be caused by blood in the urine (hematuria) ➟ Beets, some foods, and certain medicines can also change urine colour ➟ Unexplained red urine should be medically evaluated 🟣 4. Brown or Cola-Coloured Urine ➟ Can occur with severe dehydration, bilirubin from liver disease, or breakdown of blood or muscle ➟ Persistent dark-brown urine needs assessment 🟣 5. Orange Urine ➟ May occur with dehydration or certain medicines ➟ Bilirubin from liver or bile-duct problems can also make urine orange or dark 🟣 6. Green or Blue Urine ➟ Uncommon and often related to medicines, dyes, or food colouring ➟ Rarely, certain urinary infections can cause greenish urine 🟣 7. Foamy Urine ➟ Brief foam can occur from a fast urine stream ➟ Persistent excessive foam may suggest protein in the urine, especially with swelling or diabetes 🟣 8. Strong or Foul-Smelling Urine ➟ Concentrated urine can smell stronger when dehydrated ➟ A UTI may cause an unpleasant odor, especially with burning, frequency, or cloudy urine ➟ Certain foods and vitamins can also change urine smell 🟣 9. Sweet or Fruity-Smelling Urine ➟ Can occur when glucose or ketones are present in the urine ➟ This may happen with poorly controlled diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis ➟ Fruity odor with vomiting, abdominal pain, or rapid breathing needs urgent care 🟣 When to Seek Medical Help ➟ Blood appears in the urine ➟ Urine changes persist despite good hydration ➟ Fever, flank pain, or painful urination develops ➟ Foamy urine occurs with facial or leg swelling ➟ Dark urine occurs with jaundice ➟ Fruity-smelling urine occurs with severe weakness, vomiting, or rapid breathing Medical disclaimer: This information is for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Persistent, unexplained, bloody, or markedly abnormal urine changes should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional.

Vital Signs by Age

👶🏻PEDIATRIC VITAL SIGNS must know Medicos & nursing students! 😱😱👶🏻💉🩺🧑🏻‍⚕️ Normal Ranges by Age – What Every Parent & Healthcare Provider Should Know Monitoring vital signs in children is essential because normal values change with age. Early recognition of abnormal vital signs can help prevent serious complications. 🔹 Heart Rate (beats/min) • Newborn: 100–160 • Infant: 100–150 • Toddler: 90–140 • Preschool: 80–120 • School-age: 70–110 • Adolescent: 60–100 🔹 Respiratory Rate (breaths/min) • Newborn: 30–60 • Infant: 30–50 • Toddler: 24–40 • Preschool: 22–34 • School-age: 18–30 • Adolescent: 12–20 🔹 Blood Pressure (average mmHg) • Newborn: 60–80 / 40–50 • Infant: 70–100 / 50–65 • Toddler: 80–110 / 50–80 • Preschool: 80–115 / 55–80 • School-age: 85–120 / 55–80 • Adolescent: 95–130 / 60–85 🔹 Body Temperature ✅ Normal: 36.5–37.5°C 🚨 Fever: ≥ 38°C 🔹 Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂) ✅ Normal: 95–100% ⚠️ Needs attention: < 92% 🧠 Clinical Notes: • Always assess vitals according to the child’s age • Fever, crying, pain, and activity can increase heart & respiratory rates • Repeat measurements when the child is calm 📌 Early assessment saves lives. Know the normal to detect the Abnormal.