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Archivo de publicaciones
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Spread of millet and wheat/barley in Eastern Eurasia in the Middle to Late Neolithic
🔵 foxtail and broomcorn millet
🟡 wheat/barley
🔴 rice
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Stone Age Ancestry in Peoples of the Pontus
🔴 Highest CHG: 44.2% in Laz
🔵 Highest ANF: 47.6% in Greek Pontus
🟡 Highest East Asian (Amur): 14.4% in Turkish Gumushane Kurtun
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qpAdm-based admixture models for populations from Eastern Europe and Siberia
Some of the selected ancestry sources are used as proxies:
Srubnaya - Steppe-rich Proto-Indo-European-like ancestry mixed with some European farmers
LBK_EN - European pre-Indo-European farming population
WHG - Western Hunter-Gatherers, mesolithic inhabitants of Europe
Ulchi - Paleosiberians
Nganasan - Uralic proxy
AG3 - Afontova Gora 3, extra archaic Upper Paleolithic Siberian ancestry
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List of Safavid commanders-in-chief
From the Early 17th century we can see a heavy overrepresentation of Caucasian-derived, especially Georgian commanders
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Soon there is a new aDNA paper coming out about the South Caucasus, with lots of new samples from Armenia and Georgia.
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Sometimes history repeats itself.
In many parts of the modern Caucasus, shaving the moustache and keeping the beard is associated with the arrival of Islam and its cultural norms, but few know that more than 2500 years ago people of the Koban culture, which spanned all of the Central Caucasus, are very likely to have practiced a similar custom.
Below are images of Koban culture wares depicting men with shaved moustaches, and an Ancestral Whispers reconstruction based on Koban individuals and their materials.
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Ancient DNA from the 4th millennium BCE reveals a sharp genetic divide.
The dashed line marks the approximate geographic border between two distinct autosomal clusters: Caucasian (mountain/foothill) populations to the south and Steppe populations to the north.
For decades, archaeologists treated the northwestern Caucasian and adjacent steppe groups of this period as essentially one people, united under the Maykop (Maikop) archaeological culture. Ancient DNA overturned that view, showing a clear and persistent genetic gap between the Caucasus and the steppe that aligned with eco-geographic zones rather than shared material culture alone.
Map from Wang et al. (2019), “Ancient human genome-wide data from a 3000-year interval in the Caucasus corresponds with eco-geographic regions” (Nature Communications).
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Recently G25 coordinates for Khevi and Gudamakari regions of northeast Georgia have been released.
Khevi Georgians have an unusually high amount of CHG ancestry compared to most of their neighbors except Ossetians.
At a glance, the Khevi autosomal profile stems from an uninterrupted continuity from the times of the Iron Age Koban culture of the northern Caucasus.
However, the above idea is complicated by the fact that Khevi Georgians have ~50% Nakh-Dagestani related Y-DNA lineages. This could either be a founder-effect and not reflecting the original Y-DNA profile of Mokheves, or it could indicate that this high CHG autosomal profile is reflective of the original Nakh profile before Nakhs received Scytho-Sarmatian input.
To say with certainty what the origin of this atypical to NE Georgians genetic profile is, we will need to find more ancient DNA samples.
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Stone Age ancestry in the eastern Caucasus
We can observe multiple patterns.
High🟦 Caucasus Hunter-Gatherer ancestry in central Caucasian groups like Georgians, Nakh and Ossetians.
Sharp rise in 🟨 Eastern Hunterer-Gatherer ancestry in Dagestanis.
Small but historically pivotal 🟪 East Asian Amur Basin (purple) ancestry in southern Azerbaijanis, but less so in northern ones from the Shaki region.
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Tonight's a massive night for combat sports.
Makhachev vs Garry.
Islam is Lak from the village of Burshi, Dagestan.
Y-DNA: J1-Z1842 (J-M267) - the dominant paternal line in Dagestan, linked to the Kura-Araxes culture of the Early Bronze Age.
Confirmed via close relatives in the Lak DNA projects.
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Southern Germans Iron Age breakdown
Green - Celtic
Blue - Germanic
Red - Balto-Slavic
Yellow - East Mediterranean (Anatolian, Canaanite, Hellenic)
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The precise origin of the Trialeti culture, widely considered the earliest archaeological marker for the arrival of Indo-European languages in the South Caucasus, remains debated. In particular, the exact entry route is unclear: did these populations pass through the Central Caucasus via the Dariali Pass or along the Caspian shoreline? Genetic evidence offers a clue.
A 9th-century BCE Urartian sample (autosomally modeled as a Trialeti-Urartian mix) carries a Y-DNA lineage native to the North Caucasus, specifically Dagestan. Notably, FTDNA dates the TMRCA of this clade to c. 2350 BCE, coinciding almost seamlessly with the inception of the Trialeti-Vanadzor culture around 2200 BCE.
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They just found a new 14000 year old hunter-gatherer group in Trabzon, displaying similarities with West Caucasus Hunter-Gatherers of their time
https://www.labrujulaverde.com/en/2026/08/a-group-of-hunter-gatherers-survived-the-younger-dryas-14000-years-ago-in-a-cave-in-northern-turkey/
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The Caucasus, 2500 BCE
Correction: 'Proto-Northeast Caucasian' should simply be 'Northeast Caucasian', as by this time the language family has long split into various branches
