AMERICAN ENGLISH

*TENSES – One-Liner Notes* • *Tense* shows the timeand state of an action. • *There are 3 main tenses* – Present, Past, Future. • *Each tense has 4 forms* – Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous. • *Simple Present* – Habitual actions (e.g., He plays cricket). • *Present Continuous* – Ongoing actions (e.g., He is playing). • *Present Perfect* – Action just completed (e.g., He has played). • *Present Perfect Continuous* – Action continuing from past (e.g., He has been playing). • *Simple Past* – Completed action (e.g., He played). • *Past Continuous* – Ongoing past action (e.g., He was playing). • *Past Perfect* – Action completed before another past action (e.g., He had played). • *Past Perfect Continuous* – Past action continuing over time (e.g., He had been playing). • *Simple Future* – Future action (e.g., He will play). • *Future Continuous* – Ongoing future action (e.g., He will be playing). • *Future Perfect* – Action completed before a time in future (e.g., He will have played). • *Future Perfect Continuous* – Future action continuing till a time (e.g., He will have been playing). • Helping verbs: • *Present:* is/am/are, has/have • *Past:* was/were, had • *Future:* will/shall • Use*V1*in simple present;*V2*in simple past; has/have + V3 in present perfect. • *Since* (point of time) andFor* (period of time) are used in perfect continuous tenses. • *Never use two past tenses* together in a conditional sentence. • Time indicators: • *Always, usually* = Present • *Yesterday, ago* = Past • *Tomorrow, next* = Future