𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐒𝐏𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐌

GRADE 10 BIOLOGY                                                                               Unit 4: Cell Cycle Contents 4.1 Cell cycle 4.2 Cell division          4.2.1 Mitosis          4.2.2 Meiosis 4.3 Renowned Geneticist in Ethiopia 4.1 What is a cell cycle? ✅ A cell cycle is a sequence of events that takes place in the parent cell as a means of distributing genetic materials thereby forming daughter cells. ✅ There are two main divisions of the cell cycle:                   ✔ Interphase and                   ✔ cell division ✅ Interphase is divided into three phases called G1, S, and G2. ☑ G1 Phase (First Gap) ➡ is the first stage of interphase. During this stage, cells are quite active metabolically. They accumulate the building blocks of chromosomal DNA and the associated proteins as well as store sufficient energy reserves to complete the task of replicating each chromosome in the nucleus. ☑ S Phase (Synthesis of DNA) ➡ is the stage of DNA replication (Synthesis). ☑ G2 Phase (second gap) ➡ is the stage where the cell replenishes its energy stores and synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation and movement. ➡ Some cell organelles are duplicated during this stage. Cells may continue growing during the G2 phase. ➡ Cells make the final preparations before entering into the mitotic phase. Cell Division • Cell division consists of nuclear division (Karyokinesis, or mitosis) followed by cytoplasmic division (Cytokinesis). • This process results in two identical daughter cells, initiating a new cell cycle. Cell Cycle • The cell cycle typically completes within 24 hours. • It is regulated by an internal controlling system that ensures a regular pattern of division. • Failure of this regulatory system can lead to excessive cell division, termed “cell madness.” Cancer • Cancer arises from the failure of the controlling factors over cell division and growth. • Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, do not respond to normal regulatory systems, and can invade other tissues. • They may lack communication with healthy cells, fail to perform normal functions, and may not anchor securely, leading to metastasis. Fundamental Concepts • A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. • Reproduction through cell division distinguishes living organisms from non-living ones. • Multicellular organisms begin as a single or few cells and grow through repeated cell division. • According to cell theory, new cells arise from pre-existing cells, a principle established by Rudolf Virchow in 1858. Cell Cycle Process • The cell cycle is an ordered series of events involving growth and division, producing two daughter cells. • Cells undergo carefully regulated stages including growth, DNA replication, and both nuclear and cytoplasmic division to produce identical clones. • As cells grow, the volume of cytoplasm relative to the cell membrane decreases. ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

Hello Students! 🌟 "All Ethiopians in One School" 🌟 It has been three months since the start of the 2017 school year, and we want to celebrate your hard work! 🔰 Attention Students: If you have taken tests, quizzes, or midterms in the past three months, please take a photo of your previous exam papers and share them with us using the link below. 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇  ╔═══════════╗  @AMBESSA2024  ╚═══════════╝  🔰 Weekly Highlights: We will showcase the best questions submitted by students every Saturday or Sunday. 🔰 Prizes: Students who pass their tests and send us their exam papers will be eligible for exciting prizes! If you have any challenging questions, don’t worry! We will address them after the exams. Students with exam papers, please take a photo and send it to us! 🔰 Subjects Covered:  📖 Chemistry  📖 Biology  📖 Mathematics  📖 Physics  📖 English  📖 SAT  Help us Share the promotion about this service to all students! ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

ሰላም ተማሪዎች ''ሁሉም ኢትዮጵያዊ በአንድ ትምህርት ቤት '' የ2017 ዓ.ም ትምህርት ዘመን ከተጀመረ ወዲህ ሶስት ወራትን አስቆጥረናል። 🔰 በእነዚህ በሶስቱ ወራት በየትምህርት  ቤታችሁ Test, Quiz እና Mid exam የተፈተናችሁ ተማሪዎች እና ከቀጣዩ ሳምንት ጀምሮ በትምህርት ቤታችሁ Mid የሚፈትኑ ተማሪዎች ያለፈውን የፈተና ወረቀታችሁን ፎቶ አንስታችሁ ለእኛ ከታች ባለው ሊንክ attach ያድርጉ። 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇 ╔═══════════╗   @AMBESSA2024 ╚═══════════╝ 🔰 በጣም ምርጥ የሆነውን ጥያቄ አይተን ለተከታዮቻችን በየ ሳምንቱ እሁድ ወይም ቅዳሜ በዚህ እናስቀምጣለን። 🔰 ይህንን ፈተናውን ላሸነፉ እና የላኩን ተማሪዎች ሽልማት እንሰጣለን። ከባድ የምትሉት ጥያቄ ካለ ከፈተና በኃላ እንሰራለን። የፈተና ወረቀት የያዛችሁ ተማሪዎች ከአሁኑ ፎቶ አንስታችሁ ይላኩልን ! 🔰የትምህርት ዓይነቶች: 📖 CHEMISTRY 📖 BIOLOGY 📖 MATHEMATICS 📖 PHYSICS 📖 ENGLISH 📖 SAT ይህ አገልግሎት ለሁሉም ተማሪዎች እንድደርስ በተለያዩ ግሩፖች ሼር በማድረግ ይተባበሩን። ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

​​🔘 Who • ማን - ነገርን ማን እንደሰራው ለመጠየቅ ወይም አንድ ሰው ማን እንደሆነ ለማወቅ Example 1: Who was disturbing the class? ክፍሉን እየረበሸው የነበረው ማን ነው? Example 2: Who is the President of Ethiopia? የኢትዮጲያ ፕሬዝደንት ማን ነው? 🔘 What • ምን - መረጃ ለመጠየቅ ወይም አንድ ነገር ምን እንደሆነ ለማወቅ Example 1: What does your father do? አባትህ ምንድነው የሚሰራው? Example 2: What is your favourite sport? የምትወደው የስፖርት አይነት ምንድነው? 🔘 When • መቼ - ድርጊት የሚፈፀምበት/የተፈፀመበት ጊዜ ለማወቅ Example 1: When will you come home? መቼ ነው ወደ ቤት የምትመጣው? Example 2: When did you send the money? ገንዘቡን የላክከው መቼ ነው? 🔘 Where • የት - ቦታ ለማወቅ Example 1: Where is your home? ቤትህ የት ነው? Example 2: Where were you yesterday? ትላንት የት ነበርክ? 🔘 Why • ለምን - ምክንያት ለማወቅ Example 1: Why are you so sad? ለምንድነው እንደዚ ያዘንከው? Example 2: Why haven't you called? ለምንድነው ያልደወልከው? 🔘 Which • የትኛው - ለምርጫ እንጠቀምበታለን Example 1: Which of these is the best mobile? ከነዚ የትኛው ነው ምርጥ ሞባይል? Example 2:Which is your book? ያንተ መፅሐፍ የትኛው ነው? 🔘 Whose • የማን - ባለቤትነት ለማወቅ Example 1: Whose bag is this? ይህ ቦርሳ የማን ነው? Example 2: Whose bike is that? ያቺ ሳይክል የማን ናት? 🔘 How • እንዴት - ነገሮች እንዴት እንደሚሰሩ ሂደታቸውን ለማወቅ ፤ ሰዎች እንዴት እንደሆኑ ለማወቅ (ጤናቸው/ሁኔታቸው) እና እና ዋጋ ወይም ብዛት ለማወቅ Example 1: How does the remote work? ሪሞቱ እንዴት ነው የሚሰራው? Example 2: How is your sister doing? እህትህ እንዴት ናት? Example 3: How much did it cost? ስንት ተከፈለበት?

አስደሳች ዜና ለተማሪዎች ዋጋ፡ 100 ብር ብቻ ማሳሰቢያ:-👇👇👇 📖 ትምህርት ከጀመርን አንድ ሳምንት ሆኖናል ስለዚህ ብዙ ትምህርት ሳያመልጣችሁ  ቀድማችሁ በጊዜ እንድትመዘገቡ እናሳስባለን🙏 ይህንን አካውንት በመንካት እና በማናገር ይመዝገቡ። 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇 ╔═══════════╗   @AMBESSA2024 ╚═══════════╝                ወይም     ╔═══════════╗          @Wases27 ╚═══════════╝ ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

ባለፈው ነፃ ዕድል ተሰጥቷችሁ ብዙዎቻችሁ አምልጧችኃል። ቀጣይ እሁድ ደግሞ ምርጥ Give away (ሽልማት) አዘጋጅተናል። ይህንን ለመወሰድ የምናስቀምጠውን ማስታወቂያ ሼር በማድረግ screen shot ያዙት። ሽልማቱ የሚኖረው እስከ እሁድ 1K subscribers ከገባን ነው። አብረን ሼር ማድረግ እንጀምር ! ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

Grade 7 general science Part 1

📖 OMO ACADEMY PRIVATE CLASS ምን ምን ነገሮችን ያካትታ❓ ✅ትምህርቱ ለመረዳት ቀላል እና አመቺ የሆኑ በቪዲኦ ፣ በድምፅ እንዲሁም በአማርኛ እና እንግሊዘኛ በተብራሩ ኖት አማራጮች ይቀርባል👉🏼 ✅በየምዕራፎቹ መጨረሻ በርከት ያሉ ጥያቄዎች ✅ራሳችሁን ለመፈተሽ እና ለመገምገም የሚረዳችሁ በማትሪክ ስታንዳርድ የሚዘጋጅ ሞዴል ፈተና በማዘጋጀት እንድትወስዱ ይደረጋል ✅ የልምድ ልውውጦች ✅ያለ ማቋረጥ የምትጠቀሙበት በጥራት የተዘጋጀ የጥናት ፕሮግራም ✅የከዚ ቀደም ፈተናዎችን ከነመልስ እና ማብራሪያ ጋር                                                                                🔥ቲቶሪያሉ የሚሰጠው ለእነማን ነው ? ✔️በ2017 እና 2018 ዓ.ም entrance ተፈታኝ ለሆኑ    🔥 ቲቶሪያሉ ምን ምን ሰብጀክቶችን ይይዛል? ✅entrance ፈተና ላይ የምትፈተኗቸውን ሁሉ ማለትም:-

🧪 English 🧪 Chemistry 🧪 Maths 🧪 Biology 🧪 Physics 🧪 Sat

 🔥 ትምህርቱ እንዴት ነው  የሚሰጠው ? ✔️ ከዚህ በፊት እንደምናደርገው ሁሉንም የማስተማሪያ መንገዶች እንጠቀማለን ፤ ማለትም

✅lecture Videos ✅Telegraph ✅Pdf Files (Short notes) ✅Text (both Amharic and English) ✅Voi

c e 🔥ቲቶሪያሉ ምን ምን ነገሮችን ይዟል? ✅የ12ተኛ ክፍል የአመቱን ት/ት ሙሉ ለሙሉ በ video (ሳቢ እና ቀላል በሆነ አገላለፅ) ✅ከ 9-11ኛ ክፍል ያሉ ዋና ዋና (ለተማሪዎች     ይከብዳሉ ተብለው የሚታሰቡ) ዩኒቶችን በ video እና short note ✅Exam Practices (past exams)     (classified by unit) ✅Quizzes ✅model exams ✅የልምድ ልውውጥ(experience sharing) ✅የጥናት ሞራል የሚያነሳሱ(እንዲጨምር የሚያደርጉ ንግግሮች ✅Exam skill 🔰መግቢያ ዋጋው ስንት ነው?🔰 ✅ሁሉንም የNatural science ትምህርቶችን ለመከታተል የምዝገባ ክፍያው ለአንድ ሰው 100 ብር ብቻ ነው። 👉አንድ ጊዜ ብቻ ከፍላችሁ ዓመቱን ሙሉ (ኢንትራንስ ፈተና ተፈትናችሁ እስክትጨርሱ ድረስ) የሚያገለግል ይሆናል። ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

Give your comment to our Channel ! የ11 እና የ12ኛ ክፍል ተማሪዎች ለኢንትራንስ ፈተና የሚረዳችሁ እና በዚህ ቻነል ላይ የግድ መካተት አለባቸው የምትሉት ነገር ካላችሁ በኮሜንት ንገሩን ! እና በተጨማሪም ከየትም ይሁን ማንኛውም መጽሐፍ ለhighschool ተማሪዎች ይጠቅማል የምትሉት ካላችሁም ይንገሩን። ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

አስደሳች ዜና ለተማሪዎች ዋጋ፡ 100 ብር ብቻ ማሳሰቢያ:-👇👇👇 📖 ትምህርት ከጀመርን አንድ ሳምንት ሆኖናል ስለዚህ ብዙ ትምህርት ሳያመልጣችሁ  ቀድማችሁ በጊዜ እንድትመዘገቡ እናሳስባለን🙏 ይህንን አካውንት በመንካት እና በማናገር ይመዝገቡ። 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇 ╔═══════════╗   @AMBESSA2024 ╚═══════════╝                ወይም     ╔═══════════╗          @Wases27 ╚═══════════╝ ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

የ2014 E.C UEE BIOLOGY ጥያቄዎችን ከነመልሳቸው እና ከነ ማብራሪያቸው ጋር ስለሰራን Private class ላይ ያላችሁ ልጆች ማግኘት ትችላላችሁ። ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌

📖 Agriculture and ICT entrance ፈተና ላይ ይወጣሉ??                   👇👇 ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

CHEMISTRY MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ▎Questions 1. What is the chemical symbol for gold?    A) Au     B) Ag     C) Pb     D) Fe  2. Which of the following is a noble gas?    A) Oxygen     B) Nitrogen     C) Helium     D) Hydrogen  3. What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?    A) 0     B) 7     C) 14     D) 10  4. Which of the following represents an endothermic reaction?    A) Combustion of gasoline     B) Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water     C) Formation of rust     D) Respiration  5. Which of the following elements is a halogen?    A) Sodium     B) Chlorine     C) Calcium     D) Argon  6. What is the molar mass of water (H₂O)?    A) 16 g/mol     B) 18 g/mol     C) 20 g/mol     D) 22 g/mol  7. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?    A) Ionic bond     B) Metallic bond     C) Covalent bond     D) Hydrogen bond  8. What is the primary component of natural gas?    A) Ethylene     B) Propane     C) Methane     D) Butane  9. In which state of matter do particles have the most kinetic energy?    A) Solid     B) Liquid     C) Gas     D) Plasma  10. Which law states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction?     A) Law of Conservation of Energy      B) Law of Definite Proportions      C) Law of Multiple Proportions      D) Law of Conservation of Mass  ▎Answers 1. A) Au 2. C) Helium 3. B) 7 4. B) Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water 5. B) Chlorine 6. B) 18 g/mol 7. C) Covalent bond 8. C) Methane 9. C) Gas 10. D) Law of Conservation of Mass

Let the maths quiz begin 👨‍🔬

🤩|| some important terms in cell biology that are commonly tested in entrance exams: 👉 Cell Theory – The fundamental concept that all living organisms are made of cells, and cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. 👉 Prokaryotic Cells – Cells without a defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria). 👉 Eukaryotic Cells – Cells with a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., plant and animal cells). 👉 Plasma Membrane – The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out. 👉 Nucleus – The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA). 👉 Mitochondria – Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production through cellular respiration. 👉 Chloroplasts – Organelles found in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis. 👉 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis. It comes in two forms: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes). 👉 Golgi Apparatus – A stack of membranes involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for delivery to various destinations. 👉 Ribosomes – Small structures either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER, responsible for protein synthesis. 👉 Lysosomes – Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes, involved in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. 👉 Cytoskeleton – A network of protein filaments and tubules that provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell. 👉 Centriole – A structure involved in cell division, particularly in organizing the microtubules that form the spindle apparatus. ➦Share   🗨️ Comment       ➣Forward 👇 Join us for more 👇 ╔═══════════╗   @omo_academy ╚═══════════╝ 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘             𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 !

🤩|| some important terms in cell biology that are commonly tested in entrance exams: 👉 Cell Theory – The fundamental concept that all living organisms are made of cells, and cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. 👉 Prokaryotic Cells – Cells without a defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria). 👉 Eukaryotic Cells – Cells with a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., plant and animal cells). 👉 Plasma Membrane – The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out. 👉 Nucleus – The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA). 👉 Mitochondria – Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production through cellular respiration. 👉 Chloroplasts – Organelles found in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis. 👉 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis. It comes in two forms: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes). 👉 Golgi Apparatus – A stack of membranes involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for delivery to various destinations. 👉 Ribosomes – Small structures either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER, responsible for protein synthesis. 👉 Lysosomes – Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes, involved in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. 👉 Cytoskeleton – A network of protein filaments and tubules that provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell. 👉 Centriole – A structure involved in cell division, particularly in organizing the microtubules that form the spindle apparatus

1. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? (a) Ribosomes (b) Mitochondria (c) Golgi apparatus (d) Nucleus 2. What is the semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell? (a) Cell membrane (b) Cell wall (c) Cytoplasm (d) Nucleus 3. Which type of cell does not have a nucleus? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 4. What is the function of the cytoskeleton? (a) To store genetic material (b) To transport materials (c) To provide structural support (d) To synthesize proteins 5. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration? (a) Mitochondria (b) Chloroplasts (c) Ribosomes (d) Golgi apparatus 6. Which type of cell is found in plants but not in animals? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 7. Which type of cell has a cell wall made of cellulose? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant celli (d) Animal cell 8. Which type of cell has a large central vacuole? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 9. Which type of cell is specialized for muscle contraction? (a) Muscle cell (b) Nerve cell (c) Red blood cell (d) White blood cell 10. Which type of cell is responsible for fighting infection? (a) Muscle cell (b) Nerve cell (c) Red blood cell (d) White blood cell 📘Answer Key: 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. c 7. c 8. c 9. a 10. d