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✅ Terai Elephant Reserve The Indian Government approved the establishment of Terai Elephant Reserve in Uttar Pradesh. ♻️ About Terai Elephant Reserve The Terai Elephant Reserve will be established in Dudhwa-Pilibhit in Uttar Pradesh. It will span across 3,049 sq km area. It will be the 33rd elephant reserve to be set up in India. It will be in the joint forest regions of Dudhwa and Piliphit tiger reserves that are involved in the conservation of tiger, Asian elephant, swamp deer and one-horned rhinoceros. It is the third elephant reserve to get approval from the Union Environment Ministry in the past three months under Project Elephant, with the other two being Lemru in Chhattisgarh and Agasthymalai in Tamil Nadu. ♻️ Why is TER significant? The establishment of the new elephant reserve will help conserve the trans-boundary migration of elephant populations. It will help protect the neighbouring villages in the Indo-Nepal border area of Uttar Pradesh. It will also help in the management of grassland and elephant corridor in Dudhwa and Piliphit tiger reserves. Tiger reserves’ conservation efforts and the elephant reserve plans will supplement each other, making activities like drinking water management, maintenance and renovation of wildlife corridors, capacity building of forest personnel, mitigation of human-animal conflict and others more economical. Due to the absence of financial constraints, forest officials of the tiger reserves can compensate villagers for the damages of crops and houses caused by elephants without requiring state government’s funding. This will ensure the welfare of both the wildlife in protected areas and residents of nearby villages. ♻️ What is Project Elephant? Project Elephant was launched by the Central Government in 1992 to provide financial and technical aid to states for the protection of free-ranging population of wild Asian elephants. This centrally sponsored scheme aims to ensure long-term survival of Asian elephants in their natural habitats by protecting them, their habitats and migration corridors.

✅IEA World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2022 report Amid the global energy crisis caused by war in Ukraine, the World Energy Outlook 2022 report was released to provide insights into the implications of this global energy shock. ♻️What is WEO? The WEO is the world’s most comprehensive and authoritative assessment and projection of global energy sector. It is an annual report published by International Energy Agency (IEA) since 1998. It provides comprehensive insights into the global energy supply and demand in different scenarios and their impact on energy security, climate targets and economic development. ♻️ What are the key findings of the 2022 report? ➖ Russia’s invasion has exacerbated the energy crisis that was already triggered by supply disruption caused by the pandemic. ➖ Russia has been the world’s top exporter of fossil fuels. However, its supply curtailments to Europe and European sanctions on imports of oil and coals from Russia have increased energy prices significantly. ➖ While all fuels are effected by the Ukrainian crisis, gas markets are the main victims since Russia is looking to take advantage of its market position by exposing consumers to high energy bills and supply shortages. ➖ Natural gas prices have reached unprecedented levels. They are consistently exceeding the equivalent of USD 250 per barrel of oil. ➖ Coal prices have also reached unprecedented levels and price of oil was higher than USD 100 per barrel in mid-2022 before decreasing again. ➖ The energy crisis caused by Ukrainian conflict has created a risk of recession. ➖ It enabled fossil fuel producers to record a 2 trillion USD windfall above their 2021 net income. ➖ High energy prices has also worsened food insecurity in many developing countries. ➖ Around 75 million people who have recently gained access to electricity will be unable to pay their energy bills. This means that, for the first time since the IEA started tracking energy access, the total number of people lacking electricity access is increasing. ➖ Over 100 million people are likely to increase their dependence on firewood for cooking instead of adopting cleaner and safer solutions. ➖ Though some have blamed climate policies and net zero commitments to the increase in energy prices, there is no evidence to support this. ➖ In most affected regions, higher shares of renewable energy sources reduced the energy prices significantly. It also eased access to electrified homes for many.

✅ Asia’s largest Compressed Bio Gas plant Union Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas Hardeep Singh Puri recently inaugurated Asia’s largest Compressed Bio Gas (CBG) plant in Lehragaga, Punjab. ♻️Key facts ➖ The compressed Bio Gas (CBG) plant in Lehragaga was constructed at the cost of Rs.230 crore over 20 acres of land. ➖ The project was commissioned with a foreign direct investment (FDI) of Verbio AG – one of the leading bio-energy companies in Germany. ➖ The CBG plant is currently capable of processing 6 tonnes of paddy straw each day. This capacity will later be expanded to 300 tonnes of paddy straw per day to produce 33 TPD of compressed biogas using eight digesters of 10,000 cubic meters. ➖ It will address the issue of stubble burning in the state. ➖ The CBG plant will consume 100,000 tonnes of paddy straw, which will be procured from 6 to 8 satellite locations within a 10 km radius of the plant. ➖ It will produce 600-650 Tons of FOM (fermented organic manure) each day. The manure will be used for organic farming. ➖ The plant will provide direct employment to 390 people and indirect employment to 585 people. ➖ This project will increase the income of farmers in the Sangrur district. ➖ It will prevent stubble burning on 40,000 – 45,000 acres of land. This will cut down 150,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year. ➖ The new CBG plant is a step towards achieving the goals of the Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT) scheme. ♻️SATAT scheme The Indian Government launched the SATAT scheme in 2018 to set up the CBG production plants across the country by inviting expressions of interest through potential investors. The CBG will be used for the automotive sector. Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) is produced naturally through the process of anaerobic decomposition of biomass sources like crop residue, cattle dung, sugarcane press mud, sewage treatment plant waste, etc. It has the potential to replace Compressed Natural Gas in automotive, industrial, and commercial uses in the future.

✅Current Affairs - October 26, 2022 ♻️INDIA – Partial solar eclipse seen in India and a few other places in the world – United States appoints Elizabeth Jones to serve as Chargé d’Affaires at US Embassy in New Delhi – Minister of State for External Affairs V. Muraleedharan participates in ‘Dakar International Forum on Peace and Security in Africa’ – Indian envoy meets Kenyan President William Ruto over abduction of 2 Indians – Delhi Lieutenant Governor Vinai Kumar Saxena launches one-time property tax amnesty scheme ‘SAMRIDDHI 2022-23’ – National Award-winning Bengali director Pinaki Chaudhuri dies at 82 ♻️ECONOMY & CORPORATE – Competition Commission of India imposes Rs. 936.44 crore penalty on Google for anti-competitive practices in relation to its Play Store policies – BSE launches Electronic Gold Receipts for efficient price discovery of gold – Indian Banks’ Association re-elects PNB MD & CEO A. K. Goel as chairman ♻️WORLD – Rishi Sunak officially announced as UK’s next PM after becoming Conservative Party leader – 13 dead in Bangladesh after Cyclone Sitrang hits the delta nation

✅Allmenia multiflora A new species of plant named Allmenia multiflora was discovered on the granite hillocks of Palakkad. ♻️Key facts 👉🏻Allmenia multiflora is a new species belonging to the genus Allmania. 👉🏻It is only the second species of the Allmania genus found in the world. 👉🏻The new species was discovered 188 years after the genus and the first species Allmania nodiflora were described. 👉🏻The discovery of the new species was made during the ongoing study of Amaranthaceae – a plant family to which the genus Allmania belongs to. 👉🏻Before the new species was identified, Allmania nodiflora was believed to be the only lone species of the genus Allmania. 👉🏻Allmania nodiflora was published under the genus Celosia as Celosia nodiflora in 1753. It was later described as 👉🏻👉🏻Allmania nodiflora in 1834. Its native range span from the Indian subcontinent to China and western and central Malesia. 👉🏻Allmania multiflora is an annual herb having unique molecular and morphometric characteristics and its discovery is significant from botanical and conservation perspectives. 👉🏻It is found to reach a maximum height of around 60 cm at an altitude between 1,000 to 1,250 meters. 👉🏻The herb is erect with branches arising from the base. While the top of the stem is green, the hue of the base range from red to violet. 👉🏻The species has shorter tepals and gynoecium and shorter bracts. Flowering and fruiting of the herb occur from May to September. 👉🏻It was christened Allmania multiflora because of the presence of a higher number of florets within an inflorescence. 👉🏻It is currently found only in a few locations in small numbers. Hence, it was assessed to be a critically endangered species. 👉🏻The species is threatened as it is being exploited by local people as a vegetable along with amaranths. 👉🏻Its native habitats of granite hillocks, which are situated close to human settlements, are threatened because of fire, grazing, quarrying, pollution, etc.