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*🛡️National Income* ♟️National Income is usually defined as the total Value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a particular period (Generally one year). ♟️Following are the measures of National Income- (A) GDP (Gross Domestic Product) (B) GNP (Gross National Product) (C) NNP (Net National Product) (D) PI (Personal Income) (E) DPI (Disposable Personal Income)

*🛡️Adjournment* ♟️A session of Parliament consists of many meetings. Each meeting of a day consists of two sittings, that is, a morning sitting from 11 am to 1 pm and post-lunch sitting from 2 pm to 6 pm. ♟️A sitting of Parliament can be terminated by adjournment or adjournment sine die or prorogation or dissolution (in the case of the Lok Sabha). ♟️An adjournment suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time, which may be hours, days or weeks.

*🛡️Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay* ♟️He was a Bengali poet and writer. ♟️He wrote the national song Vande Mataram. ♟️His novel Anandamath — which was set in the background of the Sanyashi Bidroho (rebellion of monks in late 18th century) — is considered to be one of key works on Bengal’s nationalism. ♟️His first Bengali fiction is called ‘Durgeshnondini’ published in 1865. ♟️He also wrote other famous novels like Kapalkundala in 1866, Mrinalini in 1869, Vishbriksha in 1873, Chandrasekhar in 1877, Rajani in 1877, Rajsimha in 1881 and Devi Chaudhurani in 1884. ♟️He brought out a monthly magazine called Bangadarshan in 1872. ♟️His first fiction to appear in print was the English novel Rajmohan's Wife.

*🛡️Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC)* ♟️Type- Ad-hoc Committee of the Indian Parliament. ♟️Purpose- To investigate specific subjects or Bills, often related to allegations of misconduct or national importance. ♟️Composition- Members: Drawn from both Houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and include both ruling and opposition parties. Chairperson: Appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. Term: Dissolves after completing its assigned task. ♟️Functions- Investigation: Collects evidence from experts, public bodies, and other stakeholders. Recommendations: Advisory in nature. ♟️Notable Cases for which JPC was appointed: Bofors Scandal (1987) Harshad Mehta Scam (1992) Ketan Parekh Scam (2001) NRC (2016) Personal Data Protection Bill (2019)