UPSC Optional Notes

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🛡️The Hunter Committee of Inquiry ♟️The massacre at Jallianwalla Bagh shocked Indians and many Britishers as well. The Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, ordered that a committee of inquiry be formed to investigate the matter. ♟️So, on October 14, 1919, the Government of India announced the formation of the Disorders Inquiry Committee, known as the Hunter Committee/ Commission after the name of chairman, Lord William Hunter. ♟️The purpose of the commission was to “investigate the recent disturbances in Bombay, Delhi, and Punjab, about their causes, and the measures taken to cope with them”. ♟️There were three Indians among the members, namely, Sir Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad, Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University and advocate of the Bombay High Court; Pandit Jagat Narayan, lawyer and Member of the Legislative Council of the United Provinces; and Sardar Sahibzada Sultan Ahmad Khan, lawyer from Gwalior State.

🛡️Nanotechnology ♟️Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where phenomena that take place at dimensions in the nanometre scale are utilised in the design, characterisation, production and application of materials, structures, devices and systems. ♟️Nanotechnology primarily refers to the use and creation of particles that are smaller than 100 nanometre.  ♟️The American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate Richard Feynman introduce the concept of nanotechnology in 1959

🛡️Ashtamudi Lake ♟️It is located in Kollam district of Kerala. ♟️It is a unique wetland ecosystem and a large palm-shaped (also described as octopus-shaped) water body. ♟️It is also called the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala. ♟️It was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention. ♟️Ashtamudi Estuary is the deepest among all the estuaries in Kerala.

🛡️CHILIKA LAKE ♟️Chilika lake is brackish water lagoon, spread over the puri, khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on east coast of India, at the mouth of Daya river, flowing into the bay of bengal, covering an area of over 1,100km. ♟️It is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the largest brackish water lagoon in the world after The New Caledonian barrier reef. ♟️It has been listed as a tentative UNESCO World Heritage site.

🛡️The Quit India Movement ♟️The Quit India Movement began on August 8, 1942, during World War II. The India Congress Committee, under the urging of Gandhi, called for a mass British withdrawal and Gandhi made a “Do or Die” speech. British officials acted immediately and arrested nearly every member of the Indian National Congress party. ♟️The nation once again entered mass civil disobedience marked by anti-war speeches and refusal to assist in the war efforts. This movement introduced the idea to the British that they might be unable to maintain control of India.

🛡️Drafting Committee ♟️Among all the committees of the Constituent Assembly, the most important committee was the Drafting Committee set up on August 29, 1947. ♟️This consisted of seven members. They were: ♟️Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Chairman) ♟️N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar ♟️Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar ♟️Dr. K.M. Munshi ♟️Syed Mohammad Saadullah ♟️N. Madhava Rau (He replaced B.L. Mitter who resigned due to ill-health) ♟️T.T. Krishnamachari (He replaced D.P. Khaitan who died in 1948)

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