doctor's notebook

6️⃣ Motor Cortex 🔹 Disorders: Focal motor seizures, apraxia, myoclonus 🔹 Clues: Cortical signs, seizures, contralateral weakness 🔹 Common causes: Stroke, tumors, encephalitis 7️⃣ Peripheral Nerves 🔹 Disorders: Fasciculations, weakness, occasional tremor 🔹 Clues: LMN signs including atrophy and fasciculations 🔹 Common causes: Peripheral neuropathy, entrapment, motor neuron disease 8️⃣ Neuromuscular Junction / Muscle 🔹 Disorders: Fatigable weakness, myopathies 🔹 Clues: Ptosis, diplopia, proximal weakness, fatigability 🔹 Common causes: Myasthenia gravis, inflammatory myopathies, muscular dystrophies

Movement disorders. 1️⃣ Basal Ganglia 🔹 Disorders: Parkinsonism, chorea, dystonia 🔹 Clues: Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, abnormal postures 🔹 Common causes: Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, drugs, stroke 2️⃣ Thalamus 🔹 Disorders: Tremor, hemiballismus 🔹 Clues: Contralateral involuntary movements 🔹 Common causes: Stroke, hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis 3️⃣ Cerebellum 🔹 Disorders: Ataxia, intention tremor, dysmetria 🔹 Clues: Gait instability, nystagmus, dysdiadochokinesia 🔹 Common causes: Stroke, tumors, alcohol, multiple sclerosis 4️⃣ Brainstem 🔹 Disorders: Tremor, dystonia, parkinsonism 🔹 Clues: Cranial nerve deficits with long tract signs 🔹 Common causes: Stroke, tumors, neurodegenerative diseases 5️⃣ Spinal Cord 🔹 Disorders: Spasticity, clonus, segmental myoclonus 🔹 Clues: UMN signs below the lesion with sensory level 🔹 Common causes: Trauma, transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis.

CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE METABOLISM.

Laboratory evaluation hypocalcemia.

types of skine infection& tretment.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings.

Neurological examination of unconscious patient.

Calcium–phosphate metabolism.

🧠 MCA vs ACA vs PCA — Localise the Stroke. The 5-Second Localisation Rule ➊ Face + Arm weak + Aphasia → MCA ➋ Leg weak + Behavioural change → ACA ➌ Vision loss only + Hallucinations → PCA.

Raynaud’s phenomenon.

SAPHO syndrome.

Intubation indication.

Diuretics.

RBC Morphology & Associated Diseases.

Microcytic anemia causes.

Pulsus paradoxus.

Not every ANA-positive patient has lupus. Many disorders can closely mimic SLE, including Sjögren disease, MCTD, drug-induced lupus, viral infections, adult-onset Still disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, infective endocarditis, and fibromyalgia.

ALL, AML, CML and CLL.

Hashimoto Thyroiditis vs Graves Disease.

Approach to Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): A High-Yield Clinical Guide.