Important knowledge

Important drugs in BPH

⚡️bladder outlet obstruction causes ------------------------ - BPH - Ca prostate - Prostatitis - urethral stricture ( in young ) - urethral stone - posterior urethral valve

⚡️Treatment of Ca bladder Non muscle invasive = Transe urethral resection of tumor TURT with biopsy flowed by 6 sessions of intravasical chemotherapy & and follow up by cystoscopy for 5 years Muscle invasive tumor = one option - Radical or partial cystectomy - Radical radiotherapy - cystectomy & radiotherapy Metastasis = systemic chemotherapy

Types of Ca bladder

Risk factor for Ca bladder

⚡️Indication of UTI in dipstick is posative nitrite & leukocyte esterase

🌀Causes of complicated UTI • diabetes • anatomical or functional abnormalities related to the urinary tract • Renal insufficiency • Immunocompromise • Presence of calculi (stone) • Pregnancy • Advancing age • Male gender

In cystitis

Stages of VUR Stage 1,2,3 conservative Endoscopic subureteric injections(bulking agent as Deflux ) Stage 4,5 surgery (ureter re-implantation )

cruciate incision For perinephric abcess (and any abcess in body )

Ddx of Sterile Pyuria

Indication for intervention in ureteric stone

Ddx

Indication of PCNL

Types of PCNL - pneumatic - ultrasonic - laser