Important knowledge

☢️Detrusor over activity may be the earliest sigh of multiple sclerosis

☢️..... ▪︎Detrusor pressure rise of < 15 cmH20 during filling phase ▪︎Detrusor pressure rise of < 70 cmH20 during voiding phase

The most common cause of a breast mass in a pregnant or breastfeeding woman is Lactating adenoma .

⚡️the most common benign tumors of the breast Fibroadenomas

⚡️dysgerminomas are the most common ovarian malignancy in pregnancy

⚡️systemic acyclovir is save during pregnancy

⚡️Genital Herpes ( مهم ) -primary or non-primary initial infection within the third trimester ( especially last 6 w) = C. section - recurrent infection (even in third trimester) = vaginal delivery

⚡️ during pregnancy we used local antifungal only because system antifungal is contraindicated during pregnancy

⚡️ The commonest cause of abnormal vaginal discharge during reproductive age group is Bacterial Vaginosis

⚡️Distention Media pressure in hysteroscope must reach 45 to 80 mm Hg (rarely more than 100 mm Hg is required)

⚡️Distention Media flexible hysteroscope = carbon dioxide (CO2) Rigid hysteroscope = circulating fluids

⚡️Co2 used during laparoscopy is about 2-3 L under pressure 25mmhg

⚡️Laparoscopy instrument diameter Diagnostic laparoscopy = 5 mm in diameter Therapeutic (operative) laparoscopy = 10 mm diameter

Trans abdominal US = 3.5 MHz frequency (more depth) Trans vaginal US = 5-7.5 MHz ( more resolution

⚡️Normal length of the cervix at 24 to 28 weeks is 3.5 cm ( if it is under 2.0 cm it is incompetent)

Vault prolapse : is post-hysterectomy inversion of vaginal apex Complete procidentia : uterine prolapse through the vaginal hymen)

⚡️The anterior vagina is the most common site of vaginal prolapse (cystocele)

⚡️The vagina lies nearly horizontal in the standing female

⚡️The most common genitourinary fistula in female is the vesicovaginal fistula