IPH EXERCISE

Most peasants remained self-sufficient and skeptical about money - and with good reason: the triumph of capitalism probably made them worse off. They now had to deal with a centralized imperial state that was collecting tax more efficiently, giving more power to landlords, and slowly reducing customary peasant rights to land and produce. #RA #334_Triumph_of_Capitalism

Tissues are grouped together in the body to form organs. These include the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, and liver. Each body organ has a specific shape and is made up of different types of tissue that work together. For example, the heart consists mainly of a specialized type of muscle tissue, which contracts rhythmically to provide the heart's pumping action. #RA #Apeuni_prediction #Apeuni_596 ——————————————————— 🎖Together we persevere, Together we can 🎖 @Iran_pte_house

#DI #Apeuni_283 @Iran_pte_house

📍ANSWERS 1. A. Have tempered (v): act as a neutralizing or counterbalancing force to (something). 2. D. Are holding (v.) 3. A. Stemming (v.): originate in or be caused by. 4. C. Drafted (v.): prepare a preliminary version of (a document). 5. B. Include (v.): comprise or contain as part of a whole. 6. B. Will negotiate (v.): obtain or bring about by discussion. #RWFIB #774_Biodiversity_Summit

On 7 December, representatives from nearly every country in the world will gather in Montreal for the United Nations’ COP15 summit to tackle the world’s biodiversity crisis. Delays to the meeting ---1--- expectations for the outcome of the summit, but participants ---2--- out hope that the meeting could be as consequential for ---3--- biodiversity loss as the landmark 2015 Paris Agreement was for action on climate change. COP15 is the 15th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, a treaty ---4--- in 1992 to protect the world’s biodiversity. Parties to the treaty ---5--- the European Union and every country in the world except the US and Vatican City, though both will participate in the summit. Representatives from countries meeting in Montreal ---6--- an agreement to shape the next decade of action on biodiversity. 1) A. have tempered B. tempered C. tempers D. been tempering 2) A. holds B. been holding C. were holding D. are holding 3) A. stemming B. being stemming C. stem D. stems 4) A. had drafted B. drafts C. drafted D. has drafted 5) A. are including B. include C. includes D. have included 6) A. have negotiated B. will negotiate C. negotiate D. are negotiating #RWFIB #774_Biodiversity_Summit

📍ANSWERS 1. B. Have created (v.): bring (something) into existence. 2. A. Was (v.) 3. A. Has seen (v.) 4. D. Replacing (v.): take the place of. 5. C. Been used (v.) 6. D. Won’t be (v.) #RWFIB #859_Transparent_Wood

A team of researchers claim to ---1--- a biodegradable and renewable alternative to both glass and plastic in the form of “transparent wood,” a futuristic new material that could greatly reduce the ecological impact of more environmentally-unfriendly building materials. The material, which ---2--- invented by German scientist Siegfried Fink in 1992, ---3--- several changes and improvements over the intervening years. It’s made by first removing a naturally occurring polymer called lignin from wood and ---4--- it with specially-designed, transparent plastic materials. Plastics are used as a substitute for glass which is (naturally) fragile,” Dhar said. “However, transparent wood is an even better alternative from an ecological perspective as observed in our life-cycle analysis. In recent times transparent wood has ---5--- in construction, energy storage, flexible electronics and packaging applications. But it ---6--- replacing glass and plastic in their entirety anytime soon because scientists have yet to figure out how to scale up production of the material in an economical way. 1) A. create B. have created C. be creating D. has created 2) A. was B. be C. has been D. is 3) A. has seen B. is seen C. is seeing D. been seen 4) A. has replaced B. replaces C. replaced D. replacing 5) A. uses B. used C. been used D. is used 6) A. hasn't been B. isn't C. been D. won't be #RWFIB #859_Transparent_Wood

📍 ANSWERS 📍#RFIB 📌#821_Rainbows 1. Affecting (v.): have an effect on; make a difference to. 2. Simulate (v.): imitate the appearance or character of. 3. Morph (v.): to develop a new appearance or change into something else, or to make something do this. 4. Potentially (adv.): with the capacity to develop or happen in the future. 📌#820_Sharks 1. Range (n.): a set of different things of the same general type. 2. Characteristics (n.): a feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing and serving to identify them. 3. Classified (v.): arrange (a group of people or things) in classes or categories according to shared qualities or characteristics. 4. Decreased (v.): make or become smaller or fewer in size, amount, intensity, or degree. 5. Primarily (adv.): for the most part; mainly. 📌#813_Renewable_Energy 1. Dependent (adj.): determined by. 2. Vulnerable (adj.): exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally. 3. Available (adj.): able to be used or obtained; at someone's disposal. 4. Harnessed (v.): control and make use of (natural resources), especially to produce energy.

About 80% of the global population lives in countries that are net-importers of fossil fuels: that's about 6 billion people who are ---1--- on fossil fuels from other countries, making them ---2--- to geopolitical shocks and crises. Conversely, renewable energy sources are ---3--- in all countries, and their potential is yet to be fully ---4---. #RFIB #813_Renewable_Energy A) Dependent B) Notified C) Available D) Sufficient E) Vulnerable F) Harnessed G) Considerable

Sharks come in a wide ---1--- of shapes and sizes. Today, more than 500 species of shark swim throughout the world’s salt and fresh waters, each with its own unique ---2--- and adaptations, but many species are ---3--- as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Their numbers and habitat have ---4--- dramatically over the last decades, ---5--- due to human activity like offshore drilling and fishing. #RFIB #820_Sharks A) Primarily B) Characteristics C) Designed D) Classified E) Decreased F) Acceptance G) Range

“Climate change is ---1--- rainbows — now we know that’s true,” says Carlson, the lead author on a paper, which used computer models to ---2--- future rainbow-ready conditions. As major weather patterns ---3--- because of climate change, many parts of the world — particularly places nearer to the poles, like Alaska or Siberia, will get more rain ---4--- adding dozens more rainbow-rich days by the end of the century. #RFIB #821_Rainbows A) Simulate B) Potentially C) Significantly D) Affecting E) Stocking F) Preserve G) Morph

Main Ideas: • measuring how much customers can save •cutting back on food waste • a Knowledge Transfer Partnership with the University of Leeds •using Asda’s customer insight data •identifying, investigating, and implementing ways of helping customers •large-scale sustainability changes •providing customers with advice on everything •encouraging customers to make changes on their own •employing an associate to work in the firm Sample Answer: Although measuring how much customers can save can perceive cutting back on food waste as a Knowledge Transfer Partnership with the University of Leeds, using Asda’s customer insight data could associate large-scale sustainability changes with identifying, investigating, and implementing ways of helping customers; moreover, providing customers with advice on everything may derive encouraging customers to make changes on their own from employing an associate to work in the firm. (69 words) #SWT #SWT_Apeuni_Predictions_101 Apeuni #101 ——————— @Iran_pte_house