IPH EXERCISE

ANSWERS: 1. B. even ( adverb) 2. D. although (subordinating conjunction) 3. A. provided (verb) 4. C. frequently (adverb) 5. C. useful enough (adjective+adverb) 6. D. allowing (verb) 7. A. were trained (verb) 8. B. stay (verb) #RWFIB_number4 @iran_pte_house

The first study of bottlenose dolphins’ sensitivity to electric fields has found some can detect electric direct current (DC) fields as weak as 2.4 microvolts per centimeter, ---1--- better than the measured capacities of platypus. ---2--- still less capable in this regard than sharks and rays, the finding suggests electro receptivity may play a more important role in dolphins’ survival than previously suspected. Dolphins have small pits rich in nerve endings on their face, known as vibrissal crypts. A 2022 study confirmed these allow them to detect weak electric fields, but ---3--- no indication on how weak that can be. It makes sense for species that live in murky rivers or estuaries to develop alternatives to seeing underwater, but for those dolphins that inhabit clearer waters, such capacities might prove superfluous. However, it seems even in their ---4--- crystal-clear waters bottlenose dolphins find electro sensitivity ---5--- they have maintained it to a considerable degree. Dolphins don’t make the easiest study subjects, but a team led by Dr Tim Hüttner of the University of Rostock tested two female dolphins, Dolly and Donna, from Nuremberg Zoo. Their enclosure consists of nine pools, ---6--- plenty of opportunity to separate the two from each other and the rest of the pod. Once a day each dolphin placed its nose in a headpiece with two electrodes that can produce weak electric fields in the water around them. Dolly and Donna ---7--- with fish rewards to leave the station when they detected an electric field, and ---8---when they did not. 1- A) evenly B) even C) even if D) even as 2- A) in spite of B) whence C) despite D) Although 3- A) provided B) were provided C) provides D) have provided 4- A) frequent B) frequency C) frequently D) more frequent 5- A) such useful B) enough useful C) useful enough D) such a useful 6- A) allow B) allowed C) was allowed D) allowing 7- A) were trained B) have trained C) training D) trained 8- A) stays B) stay C) to stay D) staying #RWFIB_number4 @iran_pte_hous

ANSWERS: 1. B. associated (verb) 2. C. whom (relative pronoun) 3. A. for (preposition) 4. D. hung (verb) 5. B. out (preposition) 6. D. was published (verb) 7. C. suggests (verb) #RWFIB_396 #Apeuni_prediction @iran_pte_house

Keeping the brain active and engaged appears to combat the cognitive decline ---1--- with getting older. Now a study has found a new, but related, factor in maintaining a sharp mind—the space in which we live. Researchers recruited almost 1,300 senior citizens, none of ---2--- showed any signs of clinical dementia at the start of the study. The participants had their cognitive function tested annually ---3--- up to eight years. And they also described their living space. For example, maybe they mostly ---4--- around their bedroom. Perhaps they spent time in the yard. Or frequently traveled. By the end of the study, 180 people had Alzheimers. And those whose life-space narrowed in on their immediate home were almost twice as likely to develop the condition as those who ventured ---5--- . The homebound folks also had an increased risk of other cognitive impairments and a faster rate of cognitive decline. The research ---6--- in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. The study's lead investigator, Bryan James of the Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, ---7--- that, "Perhaps life space is an indicator of how much we are actively engaging and challenging our cognitive abilities." 1- A) associates B) associated C) associating D) is associated 2- A) whose B) who C) whom D) which 3- A) for B) while C) since D) until 4- A) hang B) is hanging C) have been hung D) hung 5- A) in B) out C) to D) for 6- A) published B) publishes C) has published D) was published 7- A) suggested B) suggesting C) suggests D) was suggested #RWFIB_396 #Apeuni_prediction @Iran_pte_house

ANSWERS: 1. B. but (coordinating conjunction) 2. D. were restored (verb) 3. C. be explored (verb) 4. A. on (preposition) 5. B. constructed (verb) 6. D. demonstrate (verb) 7. C. to wander (verb) #RWFIB_13 #Apeuni_prediction @iran_pte_house

The Edo-Tokyo Tatemono En is an open-air architectural museum, ---1--- could be better thought of as a park. Thirty buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries from all around Tokyo ---2--- and relocated to the space, where they can ---3--- by future generations to come. The buildings are a collection of houses and businesses, shops, and bathhouses, all of which would have been present ---4--- a typical middle-class street from Edocra to Showa-era Tokyo. The west section is residential, with traditional thatched roof bungalows of the 19th century. Meiji-era houses are also on view, ---5--- in a more Westernstyle after Japan opened its borders in 1868. The Musashino Sabo Cafe occupies the ground floor of one such house, where visitors can enjoy a cup of tea. Grand residences like that of Korekiyo Takahashi, an early 20th century politician assassinated over his controversial policies, ---6--- how the upper class lived during that time period. The east section is primarily businesses from the 1920s and 30s, preserved with their wares on display. Visitors are free ---7--- through a kitchenware shop, a florist’s, an umbrella store, a bar, a soy sauce shop, a tailor’s, a cosmetics shop, and an inn complete with an operational noodle shop 1- A) yet B) but C) for D) because 2- A) restored B) restores C) have restored D) were restored 3- A) explore B) been explored C) be explored D) were explored 4- A) on B) in C) at D) under 5- A) have constructed B) constructed C) were constructed D) constructs 6- A) demonstrates B) demonstrated C) were demonstrated D) demonstrate 7- A) wandering B) wander C) to wander D) is wandering #RWFIB_13 #Apeuni_prediction @Iran_pte_house

ANSWERS: 1. A. since (adverb) 2. D. although (subordinating conjunction) 3. C. were made (verb) 4. B. prescribed (verb) 5. C. had corrupted (verb) 6. A. be charged (verb) 7. B. as (preposition) #RWFIB_877 #Apeuni_prediction @iran_pte_house

There has been a great variety of critical approach to Shakespeare's work ---1--- his death. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Shakespeare was both admired and condemned. Since then, much of the adverse criticism has not been considered relevant, ---2--- certain issues have continued to interest critics throughout the years. For instance, charges against his moral propriety ---3--- by Samuel Johnson in the 18th century and by George Bernard Shaw in the 20th. Early criticism was directed primarily at questions of form. Shakespeare was criticized for mixing comedy and tragedy and failing to observe the unities of time and place ---4--- by the rules of classical drama. Dryden and Johnson were among the critics claiming that he ---5--- the language with false wit, puns, and ambiguity. While some of his early plays might justly ---6--- with a frivolous use of such devices, 20th-century criticism has tended to praise their use in later plays ---7--- adding depth and resonance of meaning. 1- A) since B) while C) for D) as 2- A) however B) because C) despite D) although 3- A) made B) being made C) were made D) have made 4- A) to prescribe B) prescribed C) were prescribed D) have prescribed 5- A) corrupts B) is corrupting C) had corrupted D) was corrupted 6- A) be charged B) is charged C) was charged D) charged 7- A) on B) as C) to D) so #RWFIB_877 #Apeuni_prediction @iran_pte_house

When researchers analyzed pellets made from recycled plastic gathered in 13 countries, they discovered numerous harmful substances, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals. As a result, the scientists concluded that recycled plastics are unsuitable for many applications and pose a challenge to the establishment of a circular economy. #RA #Apeuni_1417 ——————————————————— 🎖Together we persevere, Together we can 🎖 @Iran_pte_house

📍#RFIB 📍#ASNWERS 📌#987_Electric_Vehicle 1. Varying (adj.): differing in size, amount, degree, or nature. 2. Implemented (v.): put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect. 3. Regulatory (adj.): of or relating to the control or direction of an activity by a set of rules, laws, etc. 4. Set (v.) 📌#14_University_Science 1. Fall (n.): a reduction in the amount, level, price etc. of something. 2. Factor (n.): one of several things that influence or cause a situation. 3. Funding (n.): money that is provided by an organization for a particular purpose. 4. Risk (n.) 📌#182_Pre-Raphaelitism 1. Centered (v.) 2. Tradition (n.): a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has existed for a long time. 3. Contact (n.): when two people or things touch each other. 4. Symbolic (adj.): representing a particular idea or quality.

Pre-Raphaelitism was Britain's most significant and influential 19th-century art movement. Founded in 1848, it ---1--- on a group of three young artists: William Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Everett Millais. These artists sought to revive English art by radically turning away from the old studio ---2--- and bringing painting into direct ---3--- with nature. With an eye for absolute accuracy, every detail was now to have intense realist as well as ---4--- meaning. A) Counted B) Centered C) Delicacy D) Symbolic E) Tradition F) Contact G) Relation #RFIB #182_Pre-Raphaelitism

The closures have been blamed on a ---1--- in student applications, but money is a ---2---: chemistry degrees are expensive to provide - compared with English, for example - and some scientists say that the way the government concentrates research ---3--- on a small number of top departments, such as Bristol, increases the ---4---. A) Profit B) Risk C) Motive D) Fall E) Rise F) Funding G) Factor #RFIB #14_University_Science

Electric vehicle (EV) production is a rapidly growing industry with ---1--- standards across different countries. Presently, many nations have ---2--- specific regulations requiring manufacturers to pass emissions and efficiency tests to market their vehicles. In this ---3--- environment, vehicles labeled as EVs must meet standards ---4--- by governmental authorities and international automotive organizations. A) Regulatory B) Resolved C) Set D) Varying E) Complained F) Implemented G) Consented #RFIB #987_Electric_Vehicle

📍ANSWERS 1. C. Have known (v.) 2. B. Contribute (v.): to help by providing support 3. D. Modeled (v.) 4. A. Was presented (v.) 5. C. Mimicking (): to copy the way in which a particular person usually speaks and moves. 6. C. Hear (v.) #RWFIB #36_Owls

Owls are nearly noiseless hunters, swooping down on prey without any warning whoosh. We ---1--- that the leading edge of an owl's wing has a comb of stiff feathers and the trailing edge has a flexible fringe, unlike the rigid trailing edge of a conventional bird wing. These two features ---2--- to a structure that produces almost no noise as it rushes through the air. Now it appears that these have a third trick up their sleeves that allow them to be so silent but deadly. Researchers ---3--- the effect of the layer of down on the wing's top surface. And it looks like that fluffy stuff absorbs sound too. The work ---4--- at a meeting of the American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics. ---5--- owl wing down may lead to new sound-proofing materials. Down and the other silencing features could inspire wind turbines and plane engines that produce less noise and fewer vibrations. So all that we ---6--- is silence. 1) A. had known B. will know C. have known D. have had known 2) A. contributed B. contribute C. had contributed D. was contributing 3) A. will model B. model C. were modeled D. modeled 4) A. was presented B. will present C. presents D. presenting 5) A. mimic B. mimicked C. mimicking D. being mimicking 6) A. were heard B. are hearing C. hear D. heard #RWFIB #36_Owls

📍ANSWERS 1. C. Perceive (v.): become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand. 2. A. Has shed (v.): cast or give off (light). 3. B. Identified (v.): establish or indicate who or what (someone or something) is. 4. D. Asked (v.) 5. C. Saw (v.) 6. A. Affects (v.): have an effect on; make a difference to. #RWFIB #1069_Cannabis

Cannabis is a widely used substance that can have various effects on the brain and behavior. One of the aspects that cannabis may influence is how people ---1--- and respond to emotions, both their own and others’. A new study by researchers at Colorado State University ---2--- some light on the way cannabis affects the recognition and processing of human emotions like happiness, sadness and anger. The study used an electroencephalogram to measure the brain activity of about 70 volunteers, who ---3--- themselves as chronic, moderate or non-users of cannabis. The participants were shown faces with different expressions and ---4--- to either identify the emotion or the sex of the face. The researchers found that cannabis users showed more brain activity when they saw negative emotions, especially anger, than non-users. However, cannabis users also showed less brain activity when they ---5--- positive emotions, such as happiness, than non-users. The researchers concluded that cannabis ---6--- the brain’s ability to process emotion, but that the brain may be able to successfully counter the effects, depending on whether the emotions are explicitly or implicitly detected. 1) A. perceives B. being perceived C. perceive D. perceiving 2) A. has shed B. to shed C. shed D. shedding 3) A. identifying B. identified C. being identified D. identifies 4) A. had asked B. asking C. ask D. asked 5) A. have seen B. can see C. saw D. see 6) A. affects B. affecting C. has affected D. affected #RWFIB #1069_Cannabis

📍ANSWERS 1. D. Presenting (v.): introduce or announce 2. C. Changing (v.) 3. B. Been raised (v.) 4. B. Posits (v.): put forward as fact or as a basis for argument. 5. C. Increased (adj.) 6. A. Is (v.) 7. A. Recognizing (v.): acknowledge the existence, validity, or legality of. #RWFIB #1097_Empirical_Studies