UPSC CSE Why

Pre note: Get Prelims & Mains PYQs Video classes & PDF Notes here 🚨 28th August | Wednesday 🚨 Relatively bland newspaper, go revise recent CA on blog.csewhy.com

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 1. Upgrading weather forecast (Explained page) (GS3: SnT Dev) 2. A system to bank on (Editorial) (GS3: Economy) The Hindu 📰 1. Advancing equity from Covid to Mpox (Editorial) (GS3: Climate) PS: Ask your queries directly on Instagram DM here

India signed 2 new agreements with USA. I summarized India-US Relations in this blog post. Read, Revise, & Save https://blog.csewhy.com/p/129-pm-modi-in-usa

Pre note: Telegram ban rumours high, subscribe to free CSEWhy blog for daily CA 🚨 27th August | Tuesday 🚨

Mains keywords

1. Magma ocean • Vast fields of molten rock that existed on planets and moons during their early formation

Pre note

1. Polaris Dawn • First such mission by a private company • SpaceX mission to conduct first commercial spacewalk • To reach 700km approx bypassing NASA's Gemini 11 record of 1966

Mains notes

1. The Unified Lending Interface (ULI) by RBI • To streamline & accelerate lending for rural and small borrowers Key features: • Digital Info: It enables access to digital info, like land records, speeding up credit appraisal • Consent-Based Architecture: Operates on a consent basis, ensuring borrower data privacy • Plug-and-Play Design: Uses standardized APIs for easy integration, reducing lending process complexity • Target Sectors: Focuses on credit needs of agriculture and MSMEs with faster loan processing 2. Vaccine-Derived Polio • A rare strain mutated from the oral polio vaccine (OPV) strain • OPV contains a weakened live virus that replicates in the intestine, building immunity • The excreted virus can spread in under-immunized populations with poor sanitation • Genetic changes may revert it to a paralysis-causing form similar to wild poliovirus 3. Creation of New Districts in India • Authority: Creation of new districts in India is the prerogative of state governments • Methods: Executed via executive order or Legislation. Most states prefer issuing notifications in official gazette • Central Government Role: Minimal involvement only in NoC from various departments on name change • Rationale: New districts are formed to improve governance, address local demands, and enhance service delivery • Challenges: Financial implications, administrative setup, and potential political motives can complicate district formation

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. Two new U.S agreements: A short history of growing defence ties (Explained page) (GS2: IR) 2. A vacuum waiting to be filled (The ideas page) (GS2: Political thought, must read) The Hindu 📰 1. The working behind some simple medical tools one sees in a doctor's office (Text&Context) (GS3: SnT) 2. Pragyan rover reveals signs of Magma ocean on ancient moon (Science page) (GS3: SnT) PS: Are you on WhatsApp? Join CSEWhy channel here!

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Pre note: Get Powerful for UPSC 2025 with WHYPower, all details here 🚨 26th August | Monday 🚨

Mains Keywords

1. Sonoluminescence • A phenomenon where small gas bubbles of liquid emit short bursts of light when subjected to intense sound waves • Occurs in water/liquids on collapse of a bubble producing flash of light • Brief light emission (lasts for picoseconds; trillionths of a second)

Pre notes

1. Salt Flat Sinking • Atacama salt flat sinking 1-2 cm/year due to Lithium extraction • Li mining needs a large amounts of water → water shortage & contamination, env harm • Flamingo population impacted! 2. Ramsar sites • Ramsar Convention since 1971 from Ramsar, Iran New Ramsar sites in India 1. Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary 2. Kazhuveli Sanctuary 3. Tawa Reservoir 3. Sundhnúkagígar • Volcanic eruption in Reykjanes, Iceland (6th eruption since Dec 21)

Mains notes

1. Understand everything about NPS

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. On an upward arc (Editorial) (GS2: IR) 2. One election, Manny question (The ideas page) (GS2: Policies) The Hindu 🗞 1. New age gateway devices, the latest health threat (Editorial) (GS2: Social issues) 2. Tackling the frictions in cross-border payments: a call for innovative solutions (Text&Context) (GS3: Economics & SnT) 3. Frequent mass wasting in Tibet a cause for worry in India (Science page) (GS3: Climate) P.S: Join @CSEWhyPlanB

Pre note: Follow @CSEWhy Blogs for all insightful & comprehensive updates 🚨 25th August | Sunday 🚨

Pre notes

1. Sanction against prosecution of Civil Servants • Needed to protect them from undue charges

Reading recommendations

The Hindu 🗞️ 1. Assured pensions returns govt. Backtracks on NPS (Front page) (GS2: Policies) 2. Transition in plants (Question corner) (GS3: SnT) 3. Why is sanction against prosecution needed? (Editorial) (GS2: Policies) 4. Why is lateral entry policy under a scrutiny? (Editorial) (GS2: Policies) P.S: Do you know about WHYStories??? NO!? Check them here

Pre note: Don't miss this :) Get WHYPower at discounted price for a limited time. 🚨 24th August | Saturday 🚨

Pre Facts

1. Space sector contributed Rs. 20,000 CR to Indian GDP in last decade

Pre notes

1. Rail Force One • Luxury train service used by world leaders to travel to Kyiv, Ukraine amid the ongoing Russian invasion

Mains notes

1. Jackson Hole Symposium • Annual conference organized by the Fed Reserve Bank of Kansas City since 1978, held in Jackson Hole, Wyoming since 1981 • It brings together central bankers, finance ministers, academics, and financial market participants from around the world to discuss important economic issues • Symposium focuses on a specific economic theme each year. --> Impact of tech giants on the economy (2018) --> Financial stability after the global recession (2016), and --> Structural shifts in the global economy (2023)

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. Don’t control the Rupee (Editorial) (GS3: Economics) 2. Inflation will gradually glide down to 4% but this…..(Economy page) (GS3: Economics) 3. Heavy rain in Tripura but no role of Dam in Bangla flood (Explained page) (GS3: Climate and Infra) 4. Keeping an empire alive (Big picture) (GS1: History & Culture) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. The annual accusation of board marks inflation (Editorial) (GS2: Social issues) 2. The road to 2047 for Indian agriculture (Editorial) (GS3: Agricultural economy) P.S: Utilize the internet to its best. Follow @CSEWhy

Pre note: What policy changes you think we need to make in order to strengthen our Pvt. space industry? Send ur answer on my Instagram. The best answer will get a shout out on Instagram/Telegram 😉 🚨 23rd August | Friday 🚨

Mains keywords

1. Glass ceiling • Unofficial/Undue barriers on women to stop them from reaching certain heights on the corporate ladder 2. Predator Pricing • Illegal strategy where a company sets prices below cost to eliminate competition, aiming to create a monopoly 3. Rotten tail kids • New demographic in China, primarily graduates struggling to find employment

Pre-Facts

1. Aug 23: India's National Space Day

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 🗞️ 1. Europe push, India's agency: why Modi visit to Kyiv is significant (Explained page) (GS2: IR) 2. Chandrayan-3: The first findings (Explained page) (GS3: SnT) 3. When Modi meets Zelensky (The ideas page) (GS2: IR) The Hindu 📰 1. Building on favorable change in the 2024 waqf bill (Editorial) (GS2: Policies) 2. A look at ongoing space missions (Text&Context) (GS3: SnT) PS: Do you consider any Indian scientist as your inspiration? Who and Why? Let's talk here

Pre note: Light Newspaper this morning. Revise important current affairs here 🚨 22nd August | Thursday 🚨

Pre notes

1. Mysuru Dassara (Nadahabba) • A 10-day festival in Karnataka, marking the victory of the goddess Chamundeshwari over the buffalo demon Mahishasura • The festival's roots trace back to the 14th-15th century during the Vijayanagara Empire, where it was initially known as Mahanavami

Mains notes

1. Aid and Advice in the Constitution • Article 74: Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise the President • Article 163: Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise the Governor • 2nd Amendment (1976): Made POI bounded by the advice • 44th Amendment (1978): Introduced the provision that the President can return the advice for reconsideration once. However, if the same advice is sent again, the President must accept it

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. Is governor bound by the aid and advice of the council of ministers (Explained page) (GS2: Constitution) 2. Paying more for less (Ideas page) (GS3: Economy) 3. This land is their land (Ideas page) (GS3: Climate and Environment) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. Imports weaken Indian Pharma (Opinion page) (GS2/GS3: Social issues and Economy) P.S: Power-head your preparation with WHYPower, earliest the best :)

Pre note: Get WHYPower (Comprehensive Mains & Pre PYQs course) 🚨 21st August | Wednesday 🚨

Mains keywords

1. Collective diplomacy • Practice of countries working together through diplomatic means to achieve common goals

Quotes

Who rules east europe commands the heart-land; who rules the heart-land commands the world-island; who rules the world-island commands the world. --- Halford Mackinder (20th century British geopolitical thinker)

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 🗞 1. Delhi to Kyiv via Warsaw (Editorial) (GS2: IR) 2. A new nasal spray to treat life threatening allergic reactions (Explained page) (GS3: SnT) 3. New study suggests liquid water deep inside Martian rocks (Explained page) (GS3: SnT) The Hindu 📰 1. A ground plan for sustainable mass development (Editorial) (GS2: Social issues and Policies) 2. West Asia crisis spells tough choices fir Russia, China (Editorial) (GS2: IR) 3. On the ethanol blending programme (Text&Context) (GS3: Energy) 4. How blood tests for cancer screening can save lives (Science page) (GS3: SnT) PS: Send your essays for Free evaluation till 24th Aug to whycse@gmail.com [Note: must be written in last 1 week]

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Pre note: Don't forget to power-head your preparation with whypower. 🚨 20th August | Tuesday 🚨

Pre notes

1. Operation Parakram Military mobilization by India responding to parliament attack on December 13, 2001 Background • Launched in December 2001 • Aimed at demonstrating military strength & deterring Pak from supporting terrorism in Kashmir 2. Women & Child development ministry: Single parents can now foster children and adopt them after 2 years

Mains notes

1. The Banni Grasslands Reserve is an ecological area located in the Kutch district of Gujarat, India • Situated on the southern edge of the Rann of Kutch, covering 3,847 sq kms • It comprises a mix of grasslands, wetlands, and salt flats • The area hosts: Indian wolf, Asiatic wild ass, Indian bustard, and blackbuck It supports over 275 bird species, including migratory birds like flamingos and cranes during the monsoon season Historical Context • "Banni" derives from the Hindi word "banai," meaning "made," referring to land formed from sediment deposits of the Indus River • The region was fertile until the 1819 earthquake altered the river's course, leading to aridity • It is home to Maldhari pastoralists, primarily from tribes like Jat, Mutwa, and Hingora Conservation Status • Declared a protected forest under the Indian Forest Act of 1927, legally protected since May 1955 • The Wildlife Institute of India recognizes Banni as a potential reintroduction site for the Indian cheetah Environmental Concerns • They face challenges from overgrazing, invasive plant species, and climate change

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. Steady in the storm (Editorial) (GS3: SnT) 2. Could Hasina be extradited (Explained page) (GS2: IR) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. The tyranny of inequality (The opinion’s page) (Ethics) P.S: Click here to revise all important blogs at one place.

Pre note: Celebrate Rakhi, Gift yourself much needed UPSC 2025 mentorship 💪🏻 🚨 19th August | Monday 🚨

Mains notes

1. Lateral entry in bureaucracy • Lateral entry into bureaucracy refers to the recruitment of specialists from outside the traditional civil services, primarily aimed at enhancing the expertise and efficiency within government departments • It began in 2018, the current recruitment includes 10 posts for Joint Secretaries and 35 for Directors/Deputy Secretaries • Appointments are typically for a period of three to five years • Candidates for Joint Secretary positions must have at least 15 years of relevant work experience, while those applying for Director roles need a minimum of 10 years • These positions are unreserved for SC, ST or OBC Rationale Behind Lateral Entry • Recommendations from NITI Aayog in 2017 • Fresh Talent and Expertise • Addressing Skill Gaps Criticisms and Challenges • Lack of Reservation • Transparency Issues • Internal Resistance • Cultural Transition 2. Hurricane Ernesto Hurricane Ernesto, which formed in August 2024, has had significant impacts on the Caribbean and Bermuda. Here are the key facts regarding this storm: • Ernesto was first identified as a tropical storm on August 14, 2024, and quickly intensified into a hurricane by August 16, making landfall in Bermuda early on August 16 • The storm caused significant disruptions, with over 50% of Bermuda's population (approximately 26,100 out of 36,000 customers) losing power due to the storm's intensity • Ernesto dumped between 7 to 9 inches (175 to 225 mm) of rain on Bermuda, resulting in considerable flash flooding, especially in low-lying areas Aftermath and Current Status • Following its impact on Bermuda, Ernesto was downgraded to a tropical storm on August 18, 2024. However, it was expected to regain hurricane strength as it moved northeast into the Atlantic • The National Hurricane Center warned of hazardous surf and rip currents along the U.S. East Coast, with alerts issued from Florida to Maine due to the storm's residual effects • Prior to reaching Bermuda, Ernesto caused significant damage in Puerto Rico, where it left over 180,000 people without power and water • The storm has been linked to at least 11 fatalities across the Caribbean

Reading recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. The path runs through field (The ideas page) 2. Why districts created in 2016 are now under spotlight in Manipur (Explained page) (GS2: Policies) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. New migrant realities in Karnataka’s gig sector (Editorial)(GS2: Social issues and Policies) 2. How a foreign covert group was using ChatGPT to influence U.S. elections (Text&Context) (GS3: Internal Security) P.S: What is one more thing you wish you had in your mentorship program. LMK here and you'll have it.

Pre note: Give a headstart to your day, plan your week!! 🚨 18th August | Sunday 🚨

Mains notes

1. Mpox (Monkey Pox) • Mpox is zoonotic (Animals → Humans) • Monkeypox virus belongs to Orthopoxvirus genus from Poxviridae family • Symptoms include Rashes, Blisters, Fever, Sore throat, Headache, Muscle ache, Back pain, Swollen Lymph Nodes • No available treatment contemporarily *In the news due to recent outbreaks in Pakistan, Sweden and Africa.

Reading recommendations

The Hindu 🗞️ 1. India needs to lift job growth via reforms: IMF’s Gopinath (Business page) (GS3: Economy) 2. Do doctors need a central protection act? (Editorial) (GS2: Policies and Social Issues) P.S: Follow @CSEWhyPlanB

Pre note: Subscribe blog.csewhy.com 🚨 17th August | Saturday 🚨

Mains facts

1. The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) • Its a lightweight launch vehicle developed by ISRO, designed to transport satellites weighing < 500 kg into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at 500 km altitude • 34m long, 2m in diameter, and weighs approximately 120 tons • Comprises three solid propulsion stages and a liquid propulsion-based Velocity Trimming Module (VTM) for precise orbit insertion • Efficiency: Integrates in just 72 hours with minimal personnel, compared to PSLV's 70 days • Aims to meet the growing demand for small satellite launches, particularly from developing countries and private sectors

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 🗞 1. Making it right (Editorial) (GS2: Social issues and Policies) 2. Questions in cosmic history (Explained page) (GS3: Science and space) The Hindu 📰 1. The essence of India's inflation problem (Editorial) (GS3: Economics) PS: Join @CSEWhyPlanB

Pre note: Get WHYPower to master Pre/Mains PYQs, Constitution & Mapping for UPSC25 🚨 16th August | Friday 🚨

Mains facts

1. The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) • It aims to replace personal laws based on religious customs with a common set of laws • Article 44 mandates the state to secure a UCC to promote equality and justice • It seeks to enhance gender equality, simplify legal procedures, and promote national integration by ensuring uniformity in personal laws related to marriage, inheritance, and divorce • Implementation faces resistance due to concerns over minority rights, cultural diversity, and the patriarchal mindset prevalent in society

Reading Recommendations

Indian Express 🗞 1. Why latest mpox outbreak is 'Emergency of International concern' (Explained page) 2. A financing challenge (Editorial) (GS3: Economy) The Hindu 📰 1. How can traffic which causes air pollution be controlled (Text&Context) (GS2: Social issues) PS: Subscribe to my free CA blog: blog.csewhy.com

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