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نموذج B إحصاء الحاسبات

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A. Structural Transformation B. Aggregation C. Data Type Transformation D. Schema Mapping 33. Correcting invalid values and standardizing date formats during ETL occurs in which phase? A. Extract B. Transform C. Load D. Archive 34. Which ETL phase moves transformed data into the data warehouse? A. Extract B. Validate C. Load D. Match 35. Replacing "M" with "Male" and "F" with "Female" is an example of: A. Value Transformation B. Storage Transformation C. Query Transformation D. Schema Matching 36. Which sequence correctly represents the ETL process? A. Load → Extract → Transform B. Transform → Load → Extract C. Extract → Transform → Load D. Match → Load → Extract 37. Which table stores quantitative measures such as revenue, profit, and quantity sold? A. Dimension Table B. Fact Table C. Metadata Repository D. Staging Table 38. What is the primary role of a dimension table? A. Store quantitative measures B. Store descriptive business information C. Store ETL logs D. Store metadata only 39. Refer to Star Schema Design. Which statement best describes the central table? A. Stores descriptive attributes B. Stores business measures and foreign keys C. Stores metadata D. Stores audit logs 40. A company requires regional warehouses while maintaining enterprise-wide analytics. Which architecture is most suitable? A. Centralized Data Warehouse B. Distributed Data Warehouses C. Flat File Architecture D. Operational Database Architecture

A. Local Schema B. Physical Database Schema C. Global Schema D. Data Mart Schema 20. A user submits a query through a mediator architecture that integrates data from several autonomous sources. Which component is responsible for translating these requests into formats that individual sources can understand? A. Fact Table B. Wrapper C. Data Mart D. ETL Engine 21. Based on Mapping in Integration Architecture, which component is responsible for transforming a user query into source-level queries that can be executed on heterogeneous data sources? A. Schema Matching B. Schema Mapping C. Query Rewriting D. Data Source 22. A large organization integrates data from several independent information systems without physically storing all data in a central repository. Users can still access information through a unified interface. Which integration approach is being used? A. Data Warehouse B. OLAP Environment C. Mediator-Based Integration D. Data Mart 23. A physician needs a complete patient history stored across hospitals, laboratories, and insurance systems. What is the most appropriate strategy for processing the query? A. Query a single source only B. Replicate all databases before querying C. Split the query and merge results from multiple sources D. Ignore source autonomy requirements 24. An organization is integrating customer information stored in different databases. The integration team must specify how attributes from one schema correspond to attributes in another schema. What is the primary purpose of schema mapping? A. Store integrated data B. Define logical rules between schema elements C. Remove duplicate records D. Generate reports automatically 25. What distinguishes schema mapping from schema matching? A. Schema mapping discovers relationships B. Schema mapping defines mapping rules C. Schema mapping cleans data D. Schema mapping performs data transformation 26. A university stores student names in one system using a single attribute: Name while another system stores names as: FirstName, LastName. The mapping: Name → (FirstName, LastName) is an example of: A. 1:1 Mapping B. N:1 Mapping C. 1:N Mapping D. Conditional Mapping 27. An HR system stores employee names using two attributes: FirstName, LastName while a payroll system stores the same information in a single field: FullName. The mapping: (FirstName, LastName) → FullName represents which type of mapping? A. 1:1 Mapping B. N:1 Mapping C. 1:N Mapping D. Conditional Mapping 28. A customer status field is represented differently in two systems: System A: Status = 1 or 0. System B: Status = Active or Inactive. The mapping: 1 → Active, 0 → Inactive is an example of: A. N:1 Mapping B. Conditional Mapping C. Structural Mapping D. Semantic Matching 29. A company wants users to access customer information through a single unified view even though the information is stored in multiple heterogeneous systems. Why is schema mapping important in this situation? A. It increases redundancy B. It enables a unified view of data C. It removes data sources D. It prevents query processing 30. A CRM system stores customer identifiers using the attribute CustomerID, while an ERP system stores the same information using ClientID. Both attributes refer to the same real-world concept. Which integration challenge does this situation illustrate? A. Structural Conflict B. Naming Conflict C. Hardware Conflict D. Data Duplication 31. Which ETL phase converts raw data into a consistent and usable format? A. Extract B. Transform C. Load D. Archive 32. Converting a text value such as "2026-01-01" into a DATE format is an example of:

Q1: Put True or False for each Statement: 1. Structured data follows a predefined schema and is commonly stored in relational database tables. 2. Autonomous data sources are controlled by a single central integration system. 3. OLAP systems are primarily designed to support strategic analysis and decision-making using historical data. 4. In schema-on-read systems, the schema is applied when data is analyzed rather than before it is stored. 5. OLTP systems are optimized for processing day-to-day business transactions efficiently. 6. Semantic ambiguity occurs when the same term has exactly the same meaning across all systems. 7. JSON documents are typically classified as semi-structured data because they contain tags and hierarchical elements. 8. The primary goal of data integration is to provide users with a unified view of data from multiple sources. 9. Measures such as SalesAmount and QuantitySold are typically stored in dimension tables. 10. A data warehouse is a non-volatile repository that stores integrated historical data for analysis and reporting. Question 2: Choose the correct answer from the following: 11. Which characteristic most clearly distinguishes a data warehouse from an operational database? A. Real-time transaction processing B. Historical data storage and analysis C. Frequent record updates D. Small data volume 12. A business analyst is tasked with examining customer purchasing behavior over several years, identifying trends, and generating summary reports for senior management. The analysis requires fast aggregation of large amounts of historical data. Which environment is specifically designed for this type of analytical processing? A. OLTP B. ERP C. OLAP D. CRM 13. Which technology is most appropriate for supporting strategic decisions? A. Operational database B. Transaction processing system C. OLAP environment D. Data entry application 14. An organization decides to build separate data marts for Finance, Human Resources, and Sales. After these marts are developed, they are integrated using shared dimensions to create an enterprise-wide analytical environment. Which development methodology is being followed? A. Top-Down (Inmon) B. Bottom-Up (Kimball) C. Centralized Architecture D. Mediator-Based Integration 15. Before data is transformed and loaded into a data warehouse, extracted information is temporarily stored in a dedicated area where data quality checks and preprocessing activities can be performed. What is this component called? A. Data Mart B. Fact Table C. Staging Area D. Dimension Table 16. A university creates a specialized analytical repository for the Admissions Department. The repository contains only admission-related data and is designed to support reporting and decision-making within that department. Which term best describes this repository? A. Operational Database B. Data Mart C. Data Lake D. Transaction System 17. A company is integrating data from multiple business applications. Before the systems can exchange information, the integration team must identify which attributes represent the same real-world concepts across different schemas. Which process performs this task? A. Data Profiling B. Data Transformation C. Schema Matching D. Data Mining 18. A healthcare organization stores patient information in two independent systems: Patient(PatientID, Name) Person(PersonID, FullName). This activity of integration is an example of: A. Data Transformation B. Schema Matching C. Data Warehousing D. OLAP Processing 19. A mediator-based integration system provides users with a single interface for querying multiple heterogeneous data sources. What schema do users interact with directly?

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26- The science of naming and classifying organisms. 27- The basic unit of heredity made of DNA that determines traits. 28- The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment. 29- The sticky outer layer that helps some prokaryotes attach and protects them from drying out. 30- It refers to interaction where one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey.

Q1: Choose the right answer from the following: 1- Which of the following is a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell? A) Contains a nucleus B) Contains membrane-bound organelles C) Has no nucleus D) Has multiple chromosomes 2- What is the main function of Lysosomes? A) Digestion of macromolecules B) ATP production C) Photosynthesis D) Lipid synthesis 3- Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages materials into transport vesicles? A) Lysosome B) Golgi apparatus C) Vacuole D) Nucleus 4- Which of the following organelles is not found in animal cells? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Golgi body D) Chloroplast (plastid) 5- What is heredity? A) The study of how cells divide and multiply in living organisms B) The transmission of traits from one generation to the next through genes C) The process of protein formation inside ribosomes D) The structural organization of chromosomes inside the nucleus 6- Which of the following correctly describes the base-pairing rules in DNA? A) Adenine pairs with Cytosine, and Guanine pairs with Thymine B) Adenine pairs with Uracil, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine C) Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine D) Adenine pairs with Guanine, and Thymine pairs with Cytosine 7- What does biodiversity refer to? A) The variety of life that exists on Earth B) Only animal found in forests C) Only microorganisms in soil D) Only plants in ecosystems 8- The correct order of taxonomic hierarchy from broadest to most specific is: A) Kingdom → Class → Phylum → Order → Domain B) Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order C) Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class D) Family → Genus → Species → Kingdom → Phylum 9- What is the correct definition of viruses? A) Cellular organisms that can live independently B) Organisms made only of cells without DNA C) Large organisms visible under a light microscope D) Tiny particles made of nucleic acid and protein coat that require a host cell to replicate 10- Which of the following is NOT found in viruses? A) Nucleic acid B) Protein coat (capsid) C) Cytoplasm and organelles D) Genetic material 11- Prokaryotes are mostly: A) Very large organisms B) Unicellular organisms C) Multicellular animals D) Plants 12- Fungi are: A) Plants B) Animals C) Eukaryotic organisms D) Bacteria 13- Fungi get their food by: A) Absorption B) Photosynthesis C) Moving and hunting D) Making their own food 14- Which part of the plant anchors it in the soil? A) Stem B) Leaf C) Root D) Flower 15- What is the main function of leaves in plants? A) Absorption of minerals only B) Photosynthesis C) Reproduction only D) Protection of roots 16- Organisms that make their own food are called A) Omnivores B) Heterotrophs C) Decomposers D) Autotrophs 17- What is the main goal of environmental sustainability in Saudi Arabia? A) Protect natural resources and ecosystems B) Increase oil production C) Reduce farming activities D) Stop environmental projects 18- An animal that eats only plants is called a: A) Carnivore B) Producer C) Omnivore D) Herbivore 19- A relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed is called... A) Parasitism B) Commensalism C) Competition D) Mutualism 20- Which structure is mainly used for gas exchange in fish? A) Lungs B) Trachea C) Skin D) Gills Q2: A. Mark A if the statement is true or B if false: [ /5 ] 21- ( ) Coral reefs in the Red Sea are important in the ecosystems and have role in supporting marine biodiversity. 22- ( ) RNA is usually double-stranded like DNA. 23- ( ) Plants are able to make their own food through photosynthesis. 24- ( ) Viruses can reproduce only outside host cells. 25- ( ) Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells. B. Match each term in the box with the correct definition. [ /5 ] A. Gene B. Ecology C. Predation D. Capsule E. Taxonomy

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B- Static folder C- The main folder D- Templates folder 23. Which command saves the changes permanently in the database after any operation? A- Update B- Read C- Commit D- Create 24. What is the purpose of render_template() in Flask? A- To create a DNS record B- To encrypt passwords C- To render an HTML template file D- To define a CSS grid 25. Which set of operations forms CRUD? A- Create, Read, Update, Delete B- Click, Rank, Upload, Download C- Code, Render, Use, Debug D- Collect, Report, Undo, Design 26. Which of the following web analytics tools is most suitable for a company that wants to analyze its website data while mainly focusing on customer privacy? A- Google analytics B- Hotjar C- Adobe analytics D- Matomo 27. An analytics tool that focuses on UX and behavior analytics. A- Matomo B- SEMRUSH C- Hotjar D- Adobe analytics 28. You should consider data ethics in analytics by: A- Collect only necessary data B- Obtain user consent C- Avoid personal identifiers. D- All the written answers 29. In the Hexagon case study, what challenge did they face after launching its website? A- Poor product quality B- No measurement strategy or metrics to track website performance C- Lack of products D- High shipping cost 30. What solution was implemented in the Tourism Website Localization case study? A- Reducing website languages B- Increasing product prices C- Creating localized landing pages with translated content and region-specific offers. D- There was no solution for the website 31. The World Wide Web is a global system of interconnected documents and other web resources, accessible via the Internet. 32. JavaScript uses the DOM to detect and manipulate the elements in the HTML document. 33. JavaScript is the same as Java. 34. The DOM is the collection of objects, properties, and methods. 35. JavaScript should be the only way to access important navigation or contact information. 36. The main goal of web analytics is to help organizations make better decisions and improve their websites based on real data. 37. Referring sites traffic is the traffic coming from people who type your URL directly or use a bookmark. 38. Python backend development is responsible for data processing, business logic and security in web applications. 39. Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) is a programming technique that allows developers to interact with a database using object-oriented code instead of writing raw SQL queries. 40. SEMrush and Ahrefs analytics tools analyze your website and also look at your competitors.

1. <p style="color:red;">Hello</p> is an example of: A- Inline CSS B- Internal CSS C- External CSS D- Outside CSS 2. What is the purpose of HTML <style> element? A- Display content in the body B- Show text in the browser tab C- Define metadata D- Create headings 3. Why is external CSS preferred for larger projects? A- It mixes content and design in one place B- It can be reused across multiple pages and is easier to maintain. C- It prevents browsers from loading images. D- It replaces the need for HTML. 4. What is the main purpose of forms on web pages? A- To display images and videos B- To style text and background C- To accept users' information and provide interactivity D- To provide hyperlinks 5. Which HTML element associate text with a form control and improves accessibility? A- Label B- Script C- Caption D- Meta 6. What is the main difference between GET and POST methods? A- GET is more secure than POST B- GET sends data in the URL, POST sends it in the HTTP body C- POST sends data in the URL D- POST cannot send data to the server 7. Which HTML tag defines a structural block (division) on a web page? A- <p> B- <table> C- <a> D- <div> 8. In HTML, which form control allows selecting only one option from a group of items? A- Text box B- Checkbox C- Radio button D- All written answers 9. Which of the following is true about CSS? A- It controls how HTML elements look B- It stands for Cascading Style Sheets. C- It specifies the presentation and styling of a HTML document D- All written answers 10. Where can JavaScript code be placed in an HTML document? A- <js> </js> B- <style> </style> C- <script> </script> D- <p> </p> 11. What is an event in JavaScript? A- An action performed by the user B- A variable used to store data C- A styling rule for web pages D- A CSS property 12. Which one is an example of common uses of JavaScript? A- Display a message box B- Select list navigation C- Edit and validate form information D- All written answers 13. It is defined as every click or action a user takes on your site and collected using analytics tools. A- Demographic data B- Qualitative data C- Clickstream D- There is no answer 14. It involves measuring and analyzing web data outside your own website. It focuses on visibility and public feedback across the Internet. A- On-site web analytics B- Off-site web analytics C- Internal-site web analytics D- There is no answer 15. It measures how many people complete a desired action on your site. A- Conversion rate B- Exit rate C- Bounce rate D- Visits 16. A good web metric should be timely because: A- Late data is always more accurate B- Timely metrics is complex C- Timely metrics eliminate the need for analysis D- Metrics should be delivered fast enough to take action 17. What is a visit, also called a session? A- A collection of requests from a user during one browsing experience B- A single CSS selector C- A hidden input field D- A table row in SQL 18. A great metric should be: A- Complex B- Irrelevant C- Timely and instantly useful D- All written answers 19. It shows how much a visitor interacts with your site: A- Exit rate B- Visits C- Bounce rate D- Engagement rate 20. What is Flask? A- A Database application B- A web framework C- An operating system D- A JavaScript event 21. In Flask, what does the route() decorator do? A- Connects the URL to a specific function B- Creates a database C- It styles HTML elements. D- It creates a CSS file. 22. In Flask structure, HTML files should be saved in: A- Inside app.py file