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- Mismanagement of the economy:
Another accusation that was leveled against the civilian government to warrant their overthrow was that they mismanaged the economy. The economy was said to have been so mismanaged that if the military had not stepped in, the economy would have slid into an abyss.
- Unhealthy rivalry among the major tribes:
The politicians of the day were accused by the military of engaging in tribal politics. The political practice of the time was based on ethnicity so that each of the major political parties was jostling for supremacy. This, according to the military, badly damaged national unity.
- Politicization of the army:
Another cause of the military intervention in Nigeria was the politicization of the army. The army was so politicized that one’s promotion was no longer based on one’s experience, qualification and training but rather on one’s political leanings which was in turn underpinned on one’s tribal origin.
- Tribalism and nepotism:
Another key contribution to the military overthrow of the civilian government of the day was tribalism and nepotism. Recruitment, appointment and promotion within the Nigerian Civil Service was based on “whom you know”. One was not too sure of appointment into the Civil Service if one did not know any “Oga” within the service or did not belong to a certain tribe. This, the military said was bad.
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(10a)
{CHOOSE ANY THREE}
(i) The constitution is written in a single document
(ii) It is a federal constitution
(iii) It has a bicameral legislature at the federal level
(iv) It identifies the state and the people for which the constitution was made (Nigerians and Nigeria)
(v) It has a rigid procedure for amendments
(vi) It provides for 36 states and 744 Local Governments in Nigeria and the procedure for creating new ones
(10b)
{CHOOSE ANY THREE}
(i) The Constitution promotes the oneness and unity of the country
(ii) Its provisions help in the economic and political development of the country
(iii) It marks the beginning of the fourth republic
(iv) It stipulates the requirements for identifying or acquiring Nigerian citizenship.
(v) It provides for good relations between Nigeria and the international communities
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COMPLETED
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- Separation of power: Separation of power is a political concept by Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, an 18th century French social and political philosopher. It means that the political powers of a state should not be concentrated in one single hand. It should rather be separated and sheared to avoid dictatorship.
- Existence of political parties: A political party is a union of like minded people who come together to take over power power. In a democratic state, there should be political parties. Not just one political party but two or more.
- Equality before the law: In a true democratic state, there is equity before the law. This form of government does no encourage the idea that some class of citizens should or should not be punished for their actions. Even the legitimate leaders in a democratic state are forced to face the law during or after their service of the nation.
- Fundamental human rights: Fundamental human rights are also very important features of a democratic state. They are those inalienable and immutable right that is given to a member of a state as soon as he/she is born.
- Press freedom: Freedom of the press or press freedom is also a key feature of every democratic nation because the press play important roles in a democracy.
- Rule by the Majority: Democracy is a concept of governance where every decision is made in favour of the majority interest. The will of the majority always prevails. Elections are won a by majority votes, opinion polls are given weight by majority views, referendum is conducted by majority votes, bills in the legislative houses are decided based only specified majority votes, courts and tribunals adopt the majority decision as their final decision, and so on.
(6)
(i)Africa as Centre-piece: Nigeria has been consistent with this policy of Africa being the centre-piece of her foreign policy. The role Nigeria is playing in her membership of OAU and ECOWAS, such as giving of aids and assistance in financial terms, formation of ECOMOG, its role as a frontline state, etc, are facts supporting the above claim.
(ii) Respecting the principles governing international bodies: Nigeria has accepted to be a member of some of the global/regional organisations, thereby respecting the principles governing them, for example the U.N.O, Commonwealth, OAU, etc.
(iii)Promotion of World peace and Security: This is done in line with the objectives of U.N.O. Nigeria has been involved in peace-keeping operations globally and creation of pan-African defence force: This will help in making Africa to be strategically self-relia.
(iv)Friendly relations: Nigeria has established friendly and diplomatic relations with member states of O.A.U and Non-interference in the domestic affairs of other States: Nigeria is respecting this objective, in line with the principles of the U.N.O, OAU, etc. In other words Non- Alignment Nigeria is keeping faith with the principles of Non-Alignment which states that member states should not support the ideological stance of the power blocs.
(v)Economic Cooperation: Nigeria took active part in the formation of ECOWAS. This was done to encourage economic co-operation and self-reliance among people of the sub-region. and the Unity and Solidarity Nigeria is at the forefront of promoting unity and solidarity among African States. In other words Sub-Regional disputes Nigeria is playing an active role in the settlement of disputes and also in conflict mediation in Africa. For example, the formation of ECOMOG was directed towards that end in the sub-region.
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*SECTION B (INSTRUCTIONS; Answer Any Two Question from this section*
(8)
- Presence of regionalised parties:
One of the reasons the military advanced for their intervention in the politics of Nigeria in 1966 was that the various political parties that were operating at the time were not national in nature. The entire support base of the various political parties was regionalised.
*2022 WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT OBJ & THEORY ANSWERS*
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GOVERNMENT OBJ ANSWERS
01-10: CBBCBDACAC
11-20: CBCCDCBDCD
21-30: DBABCDDCDD
31-40: DCCCDBDBCA
41-50: BBCAAAABCB
*COMPLETED LIKE SPORTYBET*
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THEORY ANSWERS!.
SECTION A (INSTRUCTIONS; Answer any Two questions from this section
(1)
(i)Transparency; in government refers to the principle of sharing information openly with the public and other relevant agencies. Increasing inter-agency transparency is a great strategy for improving government performance.
(ii)Accountability; is all about taking responsibility for your actions. In other words it help improve government performance in the long-term. Accountability tends to create a sense of competence and ownership, which can go a long way to boost employee morale and commitment.
(iii)Capacity building; refers to the processes institutions apply to develop and strengthen their knowledge and skills to perform their jobs competently and thrive in various disciplines. To improve government performance, one needs to create sustainable institutions by increasing capacity building.
(iv)Incentives; opportunities and reward systems for government workers as well as contractors can help boost performance incredibly. If you give employees various incentives for good performance, they are more likely to work their socks off as they strive to maintain the high levels of productivity and service delivery.
(v)Technology; We are living in an era where technology has a big say on performance. Various technological tools and applications have made it easier for government workers to execute previously complex tasks quickly and efficiently.
(vi)Political goodwill; is vital as most governmental agencies, particularly in developing countries, often work at the behest of the executive. The political leadership needs to collaborate with all stakeholders in the various agencies to overcome inherent obstacles and guarantee a suitable work environment for all.
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(2)
(i)Legislative or Law-Making: The first and foremost function of a legislature is to legislate i.e. to make laws. In ancient times, laws used to be either derived from customs, traditions and religious scriptures, or were issued by the kings as their commands. However, in the contemporary era of democracy, legislature is the chief source of law.
(ii)Deliberative : To deliberate upon matters of national importance, public issues, problems and needs is an important function of a modern legislature. Through this function, the legislature reflects the public opinion over various issues.
(iii)Custodian of National Finances: A near universal rule is that “the legislature of the state is the custodian of the national purse.” It holds the purse of the nation and controls the finances. No money can be raised or spent by the executive without the approval of the legislature. Each year the executive has to prepare and get passed from the legislature the budget for the coming financial year.
(iv)Control over the Executive: A modern legislature has the power to exercise control over the executive. In a parliamentary system of government, for all its actions, decisions, and policies, the executive is collectively responsible before the legislature.
(v)Constituent; In almost every state in many countries, it is the legislature which has the power to amend the constitution. For this purpose, the legislature has to pass special laws, called amendments, in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Constitution.
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(4)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
-Existence of the Constitution: In every democratic nation, there is usually the existence of a constitution which is either written or written. A constitution can simply be defined as the fundamental laws or rules which guides a state or society. It establishes the institutions of the government such as the legislature, the executive and the judiciary and define their Periodic election.
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*WAEC-GCE 2022 NOV/DEC ACCOUNTING ESSAYS ANSWERS*
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1a.
i. *Manual Data Processing*
This data processing method is handled manually. The entire process of data collection, filtering, sorting, calculation, and other logical operations are all done with human intervention and without the use of any other electronic device or automation software. It is a low-cost method and requires little to no tools, but produces high errors, high labor costs, and lots of time and tedium.
ii. *Mechanical Data Processing*
Data is processed mechanically through the use of devices and machines. These can include simple devices such as calculators, typewriters, printing press, etc. Simple data processing operations can be achieved with this method. It has much lesser errors than manual data processing, but the increase of data has made this method more complex and difficult.
iii. *Electronic Data Processing*
Data is processed with modern technologies using data processing software and programs. A set of instructions is given to the software to process the data and yield output. This method is the most expensive but provides the fastest processing speeds with the highest reliability and accuracy of output.
(1b)
*(i)Data collection;* Collecting data is the first step in data processing. Data is pulled from available sources, including data lakes and data warehouses.
*(ii)Data preparation;* Once the data is collected, it then enters the data preparation stage. Data preparation, often referred to as “pre-processing” is the stage at which raw data is cleaned up and organized for the following stage of data processing. During preparation, raw data is diligently checked for any errors.
*(iii)Data input;* The clean data is then entered into its destination (perhaps a CRM like Salesforce or a data warehouse like Redshift), and translated into a language that it can understand.
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(2a)
(i). Inexpensive: This method is less expensive as compared to keeping records as per double entry system.
(ii). Time Saving: This method is time saving in the sense that only a few records are maintained under such system.
(iii). Improper Knowledge: The mechanism of keeping incomplete records is due to improper knowledge of accounting principles.
(2b).
(i). Difficult to get reliable information on assets and depreciation expenses.
(ii). Banks and other financial institutions offer loans after reviewing the financial statements.
(iii). It is difficult to measure the performance of the business. This makes planning difficult.
(2C).
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i). Prepare an Opening Statement of Affairs
(ii). Post All Transactions in a Double-Entry Journal System
(iii). Divide Your Expenses and Income Bank Accounts
(iv). Run a Trial Balance
(V). Prepare an Income Statement
(Vi). Prepare a Balance Sheet
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(4a)
(i) Fixed assests: may be defined as the resources, Properties or possession of a Firm. They are owned by a business and are expected to be of Some future benefits.
EXAMPLES ARE;
(i) Furniture and Fitting
(ii) plant and machinery
(iii) Land and Building
(ii) Current assests: these are assets, which are usually held For a short period of time For the purpose of Conversion in the ordinary Course of business.
EXAMPLES ARE;
(i) Stock of goods
(ii) Debtor
(iii) Bank
(iv) Cash
(iii) Capital is the original Money invested in a business by the owner. it is also referred to as net worth or Owner's equity
EXAMPLES ARE;
(i) Equity Capital
(ii) Loan Capital
(iii) Working capital
(iv) Intangible assets: these are assets, which have no physical substance or properties but Contribute economic benefits to the organization
EXAMPLES ARE;
(i) Goodwill
(ii) Trademark
(iii) patent
(iv) Copyright
(v) Current Liabilities: these are liabilities which are due for settlement within one year.
EXAMPLES ARE;
(i) Creditors
(ii) overdraft
(iii) Accrued expenses
(iv) income madvance.
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