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AGRIC SCIENCE 01-10: CACDCDDABC 11-20: DABABACBDB 21-30: CCCACABBDC 31-40: BCDBCBDCBD 41-50: DCCACBBCAD COMPLETED.

Here are two explanations for each of the following management practices in animal production: (5bi) Culling: (PICK ANY ONE) -Culling is the process of removing animals from a herd or flock that are no longer productive or are deemed unsuitable for breeding. -Culling is a selective process that aims to improve the overall quality and productivity of the remaining animals. (5bii) Dehorning: (PICK ANY ONE) -Dehorning is a surgical procedure that involves removing the horns of an animal, typically cattle or goats. -Dehorning is often performed to prevent injuries to humans and other animals, and to reduce damage to property. (5biii) Castration: (PICK ANY ONE) -Castration is a surgical procedure that involves removing the reproductive organs of male animals, typically to control breeding and behavior. -Castration is often performed to improve the quality and tenderness of meat, and to reduce undesirable behaviors such as aggression. (5c) (i)Select high-quality oil palm seeds. (ii) Sow seeds in a germination chamber or nursery bed. (iii) Transplant germinated seeds to nursery pots or bags. (iv) Manage the nursery environment for optimal growth. (v) Transplant seedlings to the field after 6-12 months. WAEC AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE NUMBER TWO (2a) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) Leaching: Nutrients are washed deep into the soil by rainwater beyond the reach of plant roots. (ii) Erosion: Topsoil, which is rich in nutrients, is carried away by wind or water. (iii) Continuous cropping: Growing crops repeatedly on the same land without replenishing nutrients reduces soil fertility. (iv) Bush burning: Burning vegetation destroys organic matter and essential nutrients in the soil. (v) Overgrazing: Animals feed excessively on pasture, exposing soil and increasing erosion and nutrient loss. (vi) Harvesting of crops: Nutrients taken up by crops are removed permanently from the soil when the crops are harvested. (vii) Poor farming practices: Practices like improper tillage and monoculture can deplete soil nutrients. (viii) Absence of crop rotation: Growing the same crop continuously exhausts specific nutrients used by that crop. (2bi) ADVANTAGES: (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Improves soil structure and texture (ii) Increases organic matter content in the soil (iii) Enhances soil microbial activity (iv) Reduces the need for chemical fertilizers (v) Improves water retention in the soil (vi) Suppresses weed growth (2bii) DISADVANTAGES: (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Takes time to decompose before planting the main crops (ii) Requires extra labor and land for growing green manure crops (iii) May temporarily tie up soil nutrients during decomposition (iv) Not suitable for all soil types or crops (v) Can attract pests or diseases if not managed properly (vi) May increase soil acidity if used excessively (2c) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) It leads to a loss of biodiversity (ii) Causes soil erosion and degradation (iii) Reduces rainfall and disrupts the water cycle (iv) Contributes to climate change through carbon emissions (v) Leads to desertification (vi) Destroys habitats of wildlife (vii) Affects the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities (viii) Increases the risk of flooding.

WAEC Examrunz 2025: WAEC AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE NUMBER ONE (1a) (PICK SIX ONLY) (i) Poor storage facilities (ii) Inadequate transportation infrastructure (iii) Low agricultural productivity (iv) Pests and diseases affecting crops (v) Climate change and erratic rainfall (vi) Political instability and conflicts (vii) Lack of access to modern farming tools (viii) High cost of farm inputs (ix) Poor government policies (x) Urban migration reducing rural farm labor (1b) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) Ministry of Agriculture (ii) West African Agricultural Productivity Programme (WAAPP) (iii) Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation (NAIC) (iv) Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) (v) National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) (vi) National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) (1ci) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Ploughing (ii) Harrowing (iii) Ridging (iv) Planting (v) Spraying (vi) Harvesting (1cii) (PICK FIVE ONLY) (i) High cost of purchasing tractors (ii) Lack of access to credit facilities (iii) Poor road networks for transporting machinery (iv) Inadequate training on tractor use (v) Scarcity of spare parts (vi) Poor maintenance culture (vii) Low level of mechanized farming (viii) Unstable government policies (ix) Limited government subsidies or support (x) Lack of awareness about available mechanization programs. 2025 WAEC AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE (4a) Cotton Cultivation (i) Planting Material Cotton is typically planted using seeds. High-quality seeds are essential for optimal germination and yield. (ii) Spacing Proper spacing (usually 30-100 cm between rows and 10-30 cm between plants) ensures adequate sunlight, air circulation, and nutrient uptake. (iii) Two Varieties (i)Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Most widely cultivated, suitable for various climates. (iii)Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense): Known for extra-long staple fibers, often used for high-quality textiles. (iv) Harvesting Cotton is usually harvested using mechanical pickers or hand-picking, depending on the scale and type of cultivation. (v) (i)Bollworms : Larvae that feed on cotton bolls, causing damage. (ii)Aphids : Small insects that suck sap, potentially transmitting diseases. (vi) (i)Textiles Cotton fibers are used to produce clothing, bedding, and other fabric products. (ii) Oil productionCottonseed oil is used in cooking, cosmetics, and industrial applications. (4b) (i)Improved yield: New varieties may offer higher yields, increasingBollworms*: Larvae that feed on cotton bolls, causing damage. (ii)Aphids : Small insects that suck sap, potentially transmitting diseases. productivity. (ii)Disease resistance : Some new varieties may be resistant to specific diseases, reducing pesticide use. (iii)Enhanced flavor and texture: New varieties can offer improved taste and texture, appealing to consumers. (iv)Increased shelf life : Some new varieties may have longer shelf lives, reducing post-harvest losses. (v)Diversified market options : Introducing new varieties can create new market opportunities and attract different consumer segments. (4c) (i)Feeding and watering Ensure access to nutritious feed and clean water. (ii)Egg collectionRegularly collect eggs to prevent breakage and maintain cleanliness. (iii)Health monitoring : Monitor birds for signs of illness or stress, and provide veterinary care as needed. (iv)Cage cleaning and maintenance : Regularly clean cages to maintain hygiene and prevent disease. AGRICULTURAL ANSWERS NUMBER FIVE (5ai) Fencing (PICK ANY THREE) (i)Controlling pasture boundaries to prevent animal escape or entry. (ii)Managing grazing patterns to prevent overgrazing. (iii)Protecting livestock from predators. (iv)Protecting property and crops from damage. (v)Efficient use of pasture resources. (5aii) Adequate Stocking: (PICK ANY THREE) (i)Maximizing resource use without degradation. (ii)Maintaining animal health and productivity. (iii) Promoting sustainable pasture management. (iv) Preventing overgrazing and pasture degradation. (v)Optimizing production and reducing costs.

(4a) Cotton Cultivation (i) Planting Material Cotton is typically planted using seeds. High-quality seeds are essential for optimal germination and yield. (ii) Spacing Proper spacing (usually 30-100 cm between rows and 10-30 cm between plants) ensures adequate sunlight, air circulation, and nutrient uptake. (iii) Two Varieties (i)Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Most widely cultivated, suitable for various climates. (iii)Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense): Known for extra-long staple fibers, often used for high-quality textiles. (iv) Harvesting Cotton is usually harvested using mechanical pickers or hand-picking, depending on the scale and type of cultivation. (v) (i)Bollworms : Larvae that feed on cotton bolls, causing damage. (ii)Aphids : Small insects that suck sap, potentially transmitting diseases. (vi) (i)Textiles Cotton fibers are used to produce clothing, bedding, and other fabric products. (ii) Oil productionCottonseed oil is used in cooking, cosmetics, and industrial applications. (4b) (i)Improved yield: New varieties may offer higher yields, increasingBollworms*: Larvae that feed on cotton bolls, causing damage. (ii)Aphids : Small insects that suck sap, potentially transmitting diseases. productivity. (ii)Disease resistance : Some new varieties may be resistant to specific diseases, reducing pesticide use. (iii)Enhanced flavor and texture: New varieties can offer improved taste and texture, appealing to consumers. (iv)Increased shelf life : Some new varieties may have longer shelf lives, reducing post-harvest losses. (v)Diversified market options : Introducing new varieties can create new market opportunities and attract different consumer segments. (4c) (i)Feeding and watering Ensure access to nutritious feed and clean water. (ii)Egg collectionRegularly collect eggs to prevent breakage and maintain cleanliness. (iii)Health monitoring : Monitor birds for signs of illness or stress, and provide veterinary care as needed. (iv)Cage cleaning and maintenance : Regularly clean cages to maintain hygiene and prevent disease.

*WAEC AGRIC SCIENCE* *NUMBER FIVE* (5ai) -Fencing- (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Prevents animals from straying or escaping. (ii) Protects pasture from overgrazing by controlling access. (iii) Prevents theft or loss of livestock. (iv) Keeps out predators and trespassers. (v) Helps in rotational grazing by dividing the land into paddocks. (vi) Protects young or newly established pasture from being grazed prematurely. (5aii) -Adequate stocking- (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Prevents overgrazing and degradation of pasture. (ii) Ensures animals get enough feed and maintain good health. (iii) Maintains soil fertility and reduces erosion. (iv) Enhances uniform utilization of pasture. (v) Promotes regrowth of pasture grasses. (vi) Helps in better planning and management of farm resources. (5bi) Culling: This is the process of removing unproductive, sick, or undesirable animals from a herd or flock to improve the overall quality and productivity. (5bii) Dehorning: Dehorning is the removal of horns from animals (especially cattle and goats) to prevent injuries to other animals and handlers and to reduce space requirements in housing and transport. (5biii) Castration: Castration is the removal or inactivation of the testes in male animals to prevent breeding, reduce aggression, and improve the quality of meat. (5c) (i) Seed selection (ii) Pre-germination (iii) Sowing (iv) Watering (v) Shading (vi) Weeding and pest control (vii) Transplanting

*WAEC AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE* *NUMBER TWO* (2a) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) Leaching: Nutrients are washed deep into the soil by rainwater beyond the reach of plant roots. (ii) Erosion: Topsoil, which is rich in nutrients, is carried away by wind or water. (iii) Continuous cropping: Growing crops repeatedly on the same land without replenishing nutrients reduces soil fertility. (iv) Bush burning: Burning vegetation destroys organic matter and essential nutrients in the soil. (v) Overgrazing: Animals feed excessively on pasture, exposing soil and increasing erosion and nutrient loss. (vi) Harvesting of crops: Nutrients taken up by crops are removed permanently from the soil when the crops are harvested. (vii) Poor farming practices: Practices like improper tillage and monoculture can deplete soil nutrients. (viii) Absence of crop rotation: Growing the same crop continuously exhausts specific nutrients used by that crop. (2bi) ADVANTAGES: (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Improves soil structure and texture (ii) Increases organic matter content in the soil (iii) Enhances soil microbial activity (iv) Reduces the need for chemical fertilizers (v) Improves water retention in the soil (vi) Suppresses weed growth (2bii) DISADVANTAGES: (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Takes time to decompose before planting the main crops (ii) Requires extra labor and land for growing green manure crops (iii) May temporarily tie up soil nutrients during decomposition (iv) Not suitable for all soil types or crops (v) Can attract pests or diseases if not managed properly (vi) May increase soil acidity if used excessively (2c) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) It leads to a loss of biodiversity (ii) Causes soil erosion and degradation (iii) Reduces rainfall and disrupts the water cycle (iv) Contributes to climate change through carbon emissions (v) Leads to desertification (vi) Destroys habitats of wildlife (vii) Affects the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities (viii) Increases the risk of flooding.

(2a) (i)Leaching: Nutrients can be leached from the soil by excessive rainfall or irrigation, leading to nutrient loss. (ii)Crop removal: Harvesting crops can remove nutrients from the soil, especially if the crops are not returned to the soil as organic matter. (iii)Erosion: Soil erosion can lead to nutrient loss, as topsoil is often rich in nutrients. (iv)Continuous cultivation: Continuous cultivation without adequate nutrient replenishment can lead to nutrient depletion. (2bi) (i)Nutrient addition: Green manure adds nutrients to the soil, improving soil fertility. (ii)Soil structure improvement: Green manure can improve soil structure, increasing water-holding capacity and aeration. (iii)Increased microbial activity: Green manure provides a food source for beneficial microorganisms, promoting soil health. (2bii) (i)Labor requirements: Incorporating green manure into the soil can be labor-intensive. (ii)Competition with crops: Green manure crops can compete with other crops for water and nutrients. (iii)Potential for weediness: Some green manure crops can become weeds if not managed properly. (2c) (i)Loss of biodiversity: Deforestation can lead to the loss of biodiversity, as forests are home to a wide range of plant and animal species. (ii)Soil erosion: Deforestation can lead to soil erosion, as tree roots help hold soil in place. (iii)Climate change: Deforestation contributes to climate change, as forests play a crucial role in regulating the climate. (iv)Indigenous community displacement: Deforestation can lead to the displacement of indigenous communities, who often depend on forests for their livelihoods.

2025 WAEC AGRICULTURAL QUESTIONS

French Paper I 01-10 BDEEEECEED 11-20 DECADEABAC 21-30 BAADDCEADB 31-40 DDADBBADDA 41-50 ADCDECABCD 51-60 CCAAACEAED

French Paper II 01-10 EABCCCBEDC 11-20 BACABECDAE 21-30 BCCDBBCECC 31-40 DCEDEDEAAB 41-50 DECBAAADAC 51-60 BECEDBEABA

GOVERNMENT 01-10: CADBCAAADA 11-20: CAADABBDBB 21-30: BBCBBBBBDB 31-40: CCCDBAABCA 41-50: DCAABADCAC COMPLETED

NECO BECE FOR JSS3 STUDENTS French QUESTIONS*

GOVERNMENT-OBJ 01-10: CADBCAAADA 11-20: CAADABBDCB 21-30: BBCBBBBBAB 31-40: CCADBAABCA 41-50: DCAABADCAC *MR FEMI SOLUTIONS*