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| 日期 | 订阅者增长 | 提及 | 频道 | |
| 29 九月 | +1 | |||
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| 25 九月 | +6 | |||
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频道帖子
እንኳን ለመስቀል ደመራ በዓል በሰላም አደረሳችሁ!
የበዓሉ ወቅት የሰላም፣ የደስታና የበረከት ይሁንላችሁ።
↗Baga Ayyaana Daamaraa Masqalaa nagaan geessan! 🎉🔥
Ayyaanni kun kan nagaa, gammachuu fi eebba isiniif haa ta’u🙏🙏🙏🙏
https://t.me/Customlaws
| 2 | 👉 period of limitations as employer and employees are concerned
👉 15 days / ቀናት
👉 worker's right to terminate his employment without prior notice after certain unlawful conduct by the employer (counted from the date the act occurred or ceased to exist)
➤ በሥራ አግባብነት አያያዝ ምክንያት አንድ ሠራተኛ ያለማስጠንቀቂያ የሥራ ውሉን የማቋረጥ መብት (ሕገወጥ ተግባር የተፈጸመበት ወይም ተወዳጅነት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
👉30 days / ቀናት
➔ to appeal the decision of the first instance court in any employment dispute (counted from the date the decision was delivered)
➢ በሥራ ክርክር የተወሰነ የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ፍርድቤት ውሳኔ ይግባኝ ለማለት (ውሳኔው ከተሰጠበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
👉3 months / ወር
➡️ to bring any
claim by a worker to be reinstated (counted from the date of termination of the contract of employment)
➔ አንድ ሠራተኛ ወደሥራ እንዲመለስ ህግ ውጪ ነው የተገረፈበት ነኝ ክስ ለማቅረብ (የሥራ ውል ከተሰረዘበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
👉 6 months / ወር
⟹ to bring a claim for payment of wage, overtime or any other payment by a worker (counted from the date it becomes due)
– የደመወዝ የሰዓት እና የመሳሰሉት ክፍያዎች ጥያቄ ለማቅረብ (ጥያቄው መቅረብ ከሚገባበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
1 year / ዓመት ↪️ to bring an action arising from an employment relationship (counted from the date on which the right becomes exercisable)
↳ ከሥራ ግንኙነት ማንኛውም ከስ ለማቅረብ (ክሱን ለማቅረብ የሚችልበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
Civil Procedure / የፍትሐ-ብሔር ሥነ-ሥርዓት
👉60 days / ቀናት
➔ to appeal a court decision in any civil dispute (counted from the date such decision was delivered)
➢ በፍትሐ-ብሔር ክርክር የተወሰነ ውሳኔ ይግባኝ ለማለት (ፍርድ የተሰለበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
https://t.me/Customlaws | 135 |
| 3 | 👉 period of limitations as employer and employees are concerned
👉 15 days / ቀናት
👉 worker's right to terminate his employment without prior notice after certain unlawful conduct by the employer (counted from the date the act occurred or ceased to exist)
➤ በሥራ አግባብነት አያያዝ ምክንያት አንድ ሠራተኛ ያለማስጠንቀቂያ የሥራ ውሉን የማቋረጥ መብት (ሕገወጥ ተግባር የተፈጸመበት ወይም ተወዳጅነት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
👉30 days / ቀናት
➔ to appeal the decision of the first instance court in any employment dispute (counted from the date the decision was delivered)
➢ በሥራ ክርክር የተወሰነ የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ፍርድቤት ውሳኔ ይግባኝ ለማለት (ውሳኔው ከተሰጠበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
👉3 months / ወር
➡️ to bring any
claim by a worker to be reinstated (counted from the date of termination of the contract of employment)
➔ አንድ ሠራተኛ ወደሥራ እንዲመለስ ህግ ውጪ ነው የተገረፈበት ነኝ ክስ ለማቅረብ (የሥራ ውል ከተሰረዘበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
👉 6 months / ወር
⟹ to bring a claim for payment of wage, overtime or any other payment by a worker (counted from the date it becomes due)
– የደመወዝ የሰዓት እና የመሳሰሉት ክፍያዎች ጥያቄ ለማቅረብ (ጥያቄው መቅረብ ከሚገባበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
1 year / ዓመት ↪️ to bring an action arising from an employment relationship (counted from the date on which the right becomes exercisable)
↳ ከሥራ ግንኙነት ማንኛውም ከስ ለማቅረብ (ክሱን ለማቅረብ የሚችልበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
Civil Procedure / የፍትሐ-ብሔር ሥነ-ሥርዓት
👉60 days / ቀናት
➔ to appeal a court decision in any civil dispute (counted from the date such decision was delivered)
➢ በፍትሐ-ብሔር ክርክር የተወሰነ ውሳኔ ይግባኝ ለማለት (ፍርድ የተሰለበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
https://t.me/Customlaws | 1 |
| 4 | 👉 period of limitations aa employer and employees are concerned
👉 15 days / ቀናት
👉 worker's right to terminate his employment without prior notice after certain unlawful conduct by the employer (counted from the date the act occurred or ceased to exist)
➤ በሥራ አግባብነት አያያዝ ምክንያት አንድ ሠራተኛ ያለማስጠንቀቂያ የሥራ ውሉን የማቋረጥ መብት (ሕገወጥ ተግባር የተፈጸመበት ወይም ተወዳጅነት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
👉30 days / ቀናት
➔ to appeal the decision of the first instance court in any employment dispute (counted from the date the decision was delivered)
➢ በሥራ ክርክር የተወሰነ የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ፍርድቤት ውሳኔ ይግባኝ ለማለት (ውሳኔው ከተሰጠበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
👉3 months / ወር
➡️ to bring any
claim by a worker to be reinstated (counted from the date of termination of the contract of employment)
➔ አንድ ሠራተኛ ወደሥራ እንዲመለስ ህግ ውጪ ነው የተገረፈበት ነኝ ክስ ለማቅረብ (የሥራ ውል ከተሰረዘበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
👉 6 months / ወር
⟹ to bring a claim for payment of wage, overtime or any other payment by a worker (counted from the date it becomes due)
– የደመወዝ የሰዓት እና የመሳሰሉት ክፍያዎች ጥያቄ ለማቅረብ (ጥያቄው መቅረብ ከሚገባበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
1 year / ዓመት ↪️ to bring an action arising from an employment relationship (counted from the date on which the right becomes exercisable)
↳ ከሥራ ግንኙነት ማንኛውም ከስ ለማቅረብ (ክሱን ለማቅረብ የሚችልበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
Civil Procedure / የፍትሐ-ብሔር ሥነ-ሥርዓት
👉60 days / ቀናት
➔ to appeal a court decision in any civil dispute (counted from the date such decision was delivered)
➢ በፍትሐ-ብሔር ክርክር የተወሰነ ውሳኔ ይግባኝ ለማለት (ፍርድ የተሰለበት ቀን ጀምሮ የሚቆጠር)
https://t.me/Customlaws | 1 |
| 5 | 👉 African Union Issues Statement on the Situation in Northern Ethiopia!
The Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Mahmoud Ali Youssouf, has expressed concern over the tensions and conflict currently being reported in northern Ethiopia.
👉 According to his statement:
👉 All parties should refrain from any actions that could further escalate the conflict.
The 2022 Pretoria Agreement remains an important foundation for achieving lasting peace and stability.
Direct dialogue among the concerned parties should continue.
Ethiopia’s neighboring countries have also been urged to play a constructive role in supporting peace and dialogue without contributing to further escalation.
👉 The main focus of the appeal is to avoid further conflict, continue dialogue, and uphold the framework of the Pretoria Agreement.
https://t.me/Customlaws | 150 |
| 6 | 👉 African Union Issues Statement on the Situation in Northern Ethiopia!
The Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Mahmoud Ali Youssouf, has expressed concern over the tensions and conflict currently being reported in northern Ethiopia.
👉 According to his statement:
👉 All parties should refrain from any actions that could further escalate the conflict.
The 2022 Pretoria Agreement remains an important foundation for achieving lasting peace and stability.
Direct dialogue among the concerned parties should continue.
Ethiopia’s neighboring countries have also been urged to play a constructive role in supporting peace and dialogue without contributing to further escalation.
👉 The main focus of the appeal is to avoid further conflict, continue dialogue, and uphold the framework of the Pretoria Agreement.
https://t.me/Customlaws | 14 |
| 7 | 👉Efficiency is doing things right; effectiveness is doing the right things
👉Take time to deliberate, but when the time for action has arrived, stop thinking and go in.👇👇👇👇👇
https://t.me/Customlaws | 155 |
| 8 | 🕊️
📌 3. FEDHII (CONSENT) MALEE MANNI MURTII AADAA NAMNI TOKKO AKKA FALMATU DIRQISIISUU NI DANDA’AA? 🚫🙋♂️
Hiyyeessaas ta'u dureessa, dhiiraas ta'u dubartiis ta’ee, namni tokko fedhii isaattiin maleetti Mana Murtii Aadaatti akka dhiyaatu hin dirqisiifamu! 🗣️💯
Kun bu'uura sirna haqaa fi Heera Mootummaati. Labsii kana keessatti haalli kun bifa kanaan gadi fageenyaan tumameera:
A. 💥 MIRKANEESSA FEDHII (KEEWWATA 8(2) FI 25): Manni Murtii Aadaa dhimma waldhabdee dhiyaatuuf ilaaluu kan danda'u, gareeleen waldhabdee qaban dhimmi isaanii Mana Murtii Aadaatti akka ilaalamu fedhii guutuu kan qaban yoo ta'e qofaa dha. Namni iyyata dhiheeffate akka fedhii qabutti fudhatama. ✅
B. 💥 DEEBII DURA FEDHII MIRKANEESSUU: Himatamaan waamichi dhaqqabee erga dhiyaate booda, himata irratti dhiyaateef deebii akka kennu taasisuun dura, dhimmi isaa Mana Murtii Aadaatiin akka ilaalamu fedhii qabaachuun isaa dura gaafatamee mirkanaa'uu qaba (Keewwata 25(2)). ❓
C. 💥 OF-DUUBA DEEBII'UUN DHOWWADHA (KEEWWATA 25(3)): Erga gareen lamaan "Eeyyee fedhii qabna" jedhanii mirkaneessanii booda, gidduutti fedhii koo kaaseera jechuun hin danda'amu. 🔒
📝 FAKKEENYAAF: Obbo Addisuun Obbo Boonaa irratti iyyata dhiyeeffate. Obbo Boonaan waamichi dhaqqabee gaaddisatti dhiyaate. Jaarsoliin falmii eegaluun dura, "Obbo Boonaa dhimmi kee kun dhiheenya kanaan akka ilaalamu fedhii qabdaa?" jedhanii gaafatan. Obbo Boonaan "Miti, ani seera aadaatiin ilaalamuu hin barbaadu, gara Mana Murtii Mootummaa (Aanaa) deemuun barbaada" yoo jedhe, Manni Murtii Aadaa dhimmicha dhiisee gaggeessuu qaba. Garuu, jalqaba irratti "Eeyyee fedhii qaba" jedhee mallatteessee, booda immoo gidduutti "Falmichi natti hin tolle, fedhii koo kaaseera" jechuu hin danda'u. 🙅♂️📄
📌 4. ADEEMSI DHADDACHAA (GAADDISAA) HAALA KAMIIN GAGGEEFFAMA? 🌳👥
Sirni dhangaa dhaddacha aadaa "GAADDISA" jedhama (Keewwata 2(2)). Adeemsi isaa qajeeltoo kanaan deema: 👍
🌿 IDDOO IFA TA'E (KEEWWATA 23): Gaaddisni bakka uummataaf ifa ta'etti gaggeeffama. Mukeen jalatti, galma addatti qophaa'etti ykn bakka aadaan hayyamutti ta'a. Garuu jireenya dhuunfaa fi nageenya uummataa eeguuf jecha dhimmichi kophaatti akka dhaga'amu gochuun ni danda'ama. 🌲👁️
🌿 ABUKAATOON DHORKAADHA (KEEWWATA 27(15-16)): Dhimma Mana Murtii Aadaatiin ilaalamu irratti abukaatoo qabsatanii falmuun hin danda'amu. Garuu, miseensa maatii ykn nama biraa seera aadaatiin hayyamamuufiin bakka bu'uun ni danda'ama. 🚫👔
🌿 SEERA HOJIIRRA OOULU (KEEWWATA 26): Seerri hojiirra oolu seera aadaa bakka sanaa ti. Garuu, seera aadaa haqa uumamaa faallessu, kan loogii koorniyaa, amantii, ykn gosaa uumu, fi kan mirga namoomaa mulqu hojiirra oolchuun guutummaatti dhorkaadha! 🛑⚖️
📝 FAKKEENYAAF: Falmiin Obbo Kumsaa fi Obbo Tarreqaa jidduu jiru Gaaddisa Odaa guddaa tokko jalatti uummata duratti dhaga'amaa jira. Obbo Kuusaan maallaqa kaffalee abukaatoo seeraa isaaf falmu fiduu barbaade. Jaarsoliin, "Kun Mana Murtii Aadaati, abukaatoon asitti dhihaatee hin falmu. Yoo sitti ulfaate obboleessa kee ykn fira kee keessaa nama dhimma kee siif ibsu fidachuu dandeessa" jedhanii abukaaticha dhowwan. Akkasumas, aadaan bakka sanii "Dubartiin qabeenya hin dhaaltu" kan jedhu yoo ta'e, jaarsoliin aadaa saniin fayyadamanii mirga dubartootaa dhowwachuu hin danda'an; sababni isaas seera Mootummaa fi Heera wajjiin wal-faallessa. 🙅♀️🌾
📌 5. RAGAA HAALA KAMIIN DHAGA'AMA? MURTIIN HOO AKKAMITTI KENNAMA? 🗣️⚖️
Adeemsi ragaa dhaga’uu fi murtii kennuu seera aadaa, safuu fi haqa uumamaa jiddu-galeessa godhata. Bu’uura Keewwata 28, 29, 31, fi 32 tiin dhimma kun bifa bal’aan gadi fageenyaan armaan gadiitti ibsameera: 💬
💥 RAGAA WAAMUU FI DIRQISIISUU (KEEWWATA 28): Manni Murtii Aadaa nama dhugaa baasuu danda'u yookiin namni gareelee waldhabaniin akka ragaatti eerame akka dhiyaatu waamicha ni taasisaaf. Namni ragaa akka bahuuf waamichi dhaqqabee, sababa quubsaa malee dhiyaachuu yoo dide, akkaataa seera aadaatiin tarkaanfii fudhachuu ykn karaa Bulchiinsa Gandaatiin to’atamee akka dhiyaatu ajajuu ni danda’ama. 📜📞 | 268 |
| 9 | ⚠️ #FEDHII_KEETIIN_MALETTI MANA MURTII AADAATI HIMATAMUUF NI DIRQAMTAA?
⚠️ LABSII MANNEEN MURTII AADAA OROMIYAA (LAKK. 240/2013) HUBADHAA! ⚖️
Manni Murtii Aadaa ijaaramee beekamtii argate tajaajila haqaa dhaqqabamaa, adeemsa salphaa, baasii xiqqaa fi hariiroo hawaasummaa wal-dhabdootaa cimsuu dandeessisu diriirsuuf kaayyoo kan qabu dha. Hawaasni keenya mirga seeraan qabu gadi fageenyaan akka hubatuuf,
Akkasuma
HUBANNOO KEESSAN GABBISUUF QABXIILEE GURGUDDOO 6 ARMAAN GADI KANA LABSICHA IRRATTI HUNDAA'UUN KAN ILAALLU TA'A: 📜✨
👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
📌 1. MANNI MURTII AADAA DHIMMICHAA HAALA KAMIIN OFITTI FUDHATA? (HOW IT ASSUMES JURISDICTION) 🏛️
Manni Murtii Aadaa dhimma waldhabdee uumame tokko simatee dhimma kooti jedhee ofitti fudhachuuf ulaagaaleen bu'uuraa seeraan kaa'aman jiraatuu qabu. Akkaataa Keewwata 8 Keewwata Xiqqaa 3 irratti tumameen, Manni Murtii Aadaa dhimma tokko fudhatee ka'umsa irraa ilaaluuf yoo xiqqaate ulaagaalee seeraa armaan gadii keesaa tokko guutuu qaba (Keewwata 8(3)): 🧐
1️⃣ ULAAGAA JIRAATAA TA'UU (TERRITORIAL/PERSONAL JURISDICTION): 🏡 Garee waldhabdootaa keessaa yoo xiqqaate namni tokko dhalataa yookiin jiraataa Ganda daangaa aangoo Mana Murtii Aadaa sana keessatti argamu yoo ta’e dha.
2️⃣ IDDOO QABEENYICHAA (SUBJECT MATTER LOCATION): 🌳 Qabeenyi dhaabbataan (kan akka lafaa, manaa, tajaajila jidduu jiru) kan waldhabdeef sababa ta'e Ganda daangaa aangoo Mana Murtii Aadaa sanaa keessatti kan argamu yoo ta’e dha.
3️⃣ KA’UMSA DUBBICHAA (CAUSE OF ACTION): ⚡ Ka’umsi dubbiifi falmichaa guutummaatti daangaa aangoo Mana Murtii Aadichaa keessatti kan eegale yookiin kan xumura argate yoo ta’e dha.
📝 FAKKEENYAAF: Obbo Tolasaa fi Obbo Lammaa waldhabdee daangaa lafa qonnaa Ganda "Malkaa" keessatti argamu irratti wal dhaban. Manni Murtii Aadaa Ganda Malkaatii dhimma kana ofitti fudhatee ilaaluuf aangoo qaba. Sababni isaas qabeenyi lafaa waldhabame sunis ganda sana keessa jira, gareewwan lamaanillee jiraattota ganda sanaa ti. 🌾🌾
📌 2. AANGOON MANA MURTII AADAA KAN AKKAMIITI? (SCOPE OF JURISDICTION) ⚖️
AANGOO MANNI MURTII AADAA 💼
Aangoon Manneen Murtii Aadaa bakka lamatti addaan baha: Mana Murtii Aadaa Jalqabaa (Ganda irratti kan hundaa’u) fi Mana Murtii Aadaa Oldabarfataa (Aanaa fi Magaalaa irratti kan hundaa’u). Akkaataa Keewwata 8(1) fi Keewwata 8(4) irratti ibsameen, aangoon abbaa murtummaa dhimma gosa akkamiitiif akka kenname bifa bal'aan dhiyaateera: 👨⚖️
🔹 DHIMMOOTA HARIIROO HAWAASAA FI MAATII: 👨👩👧👦 Dhimmoota maatii (fuudhaa fi heeruma, wal-hiikuu, fira, faadhaa) fi falmiiwwan hariiroo hawaasaa (dhaala, qabeenya, walii-galtee).
🔹 DHIMMOOTA YAKKAA XIQQAA: ⚠️ Gochoota dambii darbuu (petty offense) fi yakkoota iyyannoo dhuunfaatiin dhihaatan (personally compliant).
🔹 YAKKOOTA GURGUDDAA ABBAA ALANGAATIIN DHIHAATAN IRRATTI AANGOON MANA MURTII AADAA DAANGA'AADHA: 🛑 Yakkoota abbaan alangaa himatu irratti murtii adabbii hidhaa kennuu hin danda'an; garuu garee wal dhabde walitti araarsuu, Gumaa muruu fi gumaa nyaachisuu, beenyaa kaffalchiisuu, fi baasii kisaaraa muruuf aangoo guutuu akka qabu (Keewwata 8(4)) irratti taa'ee jira. 🤝
📝 FAKKEENYAAF:
HARIIROO HAWAASAA: 💔 Addee Caaltuu fi Obbo Caalaa sababa wal dhabdee isaan jidduu tureen erga bultii (Nikhaa) isaanii diiganii wal-hiikanii booda, dhimma qooddaa qabeenya maatii irratti wal dhaban. Manni Murtii Aadaa dhimma maatii kana ofitti fudhatee meeshaalee qabeenya isaanii seera aadaatiin qooduu ni danda'a. 🏠
. YAKKOOTA XIXIQQAA: 🪟 Mucaan Obbo Guddisaa dhagaadhaan foddaa mana nama dhuunfaa tokkoo yoo cabse, iyyannoon dhiyaatee Manni Murtii Aadaa ni ilaala. 🧱
. YAKKAA GURGUDDAA: 🔴 Namni tokko tasa nama ajjeesee yakka ulfaataadhaan Mana Murtii Mootummaatti hidhaan osoo dhimmi isaa deemaa jiruu, maatiin lamaan gara Mana Murtii Aadaa dhufanii sirna "Gumaa Muruu fi Nyaachisuu" kanaan dhiiga walii gatuu dhowwanii, araara aadaa buusuu ni danda'u. Manni Murtii Aadaa gumaa ni mura malee nama yakka raawwate sun hin hidhu. | 209 |
| 10 | 500 MEMBERS GEENYEERRA! 🎉
⚖️ Addunyaa har’aa keessatti wanti baay’een kaffaltii irratti hundaa’a; garuu nuti tajaajila fi hubannoo seeraa karaa Telegram Channel keenyaatiin BILISAAN isiniif kennina! https://t.me/Customlaws
📚 Join godhaa, irraa baradhaa, hiriyoota keessaniifis qoodaa:
የኢትዮጵያ ጉምሩክ ህጎች . | 28 |
| 11 | 👉 SEERA DEEMSAA FALMI YAKKA(criminal procedure code based)
Namni yakkaan himatame tokko mirgoota bu’uuraa qabu keessaa mirgi dhagahamuu fi falmachuu isa bu’uuraa yemmuu ta’u kunis mirga waan ittiin himatame yookiin yakka irratti dhiyaate beekuu, ogeessaan gargaaramee deebii kennachuu, ragaa irratti dhiyaate beekuu fi ofirraa mormuu (the right to challenge prosecution evidence) fi falmii fi ragaa ittisaa dhiyeeffachuu kan haammatuudha.
Mirgoonni kunis akka bu’uuraatti Heera Mootummaa Rippaablika Dimokiraatawaa Federaalawaa Itiyoophiyaa fi Heera Mootummaa Naannoo Oromiyaa keewwata 20 jalatti beekamtii fi eegumsi ifa ta’e taasifameefii argama. Akkasumas Seera Deemsa Falmii Yakkaa (SDFY) keewwata 124 - 127(1) (dhiyeessa himannaa fi ragaa), keewwata 129 – 132 (dhagaha falmii duraa), keewwata 136 – 141(dhagaha ragaa abbaa alangaa) fi akkasumas seericha keewwata 142 – 143 (dhagaha falmii fi ragaa ittisaa yookiin himatamaa) fi kkf diriirfamuun tumamee jira.
Kana malees, waliigalteewwan mirga namoomaa Idil-Adunyaa biyyi keenya mallatteesite kanneen akka Waadaa Mirga Namoomaa Idil-Addunyaa (Universal Declaration of Human Rights), Kovanantii Mirgoota Siyaasaa fi Dhuunfaa Idil-Addunyaa (ICCPRs) fi kkf keessattis mirgoonni nama yakkaan himatamee kun bal’inaan beekamtii fi eegumsa kan argatan ta’uunis beekamaadha.
Mirga falmii fi ragaa ilaalchisee himatamaadhaaf heerichaan eegamuu fi seerichaan ifatti tumaman kanneen keessaa mirgi himannaa fi ragaa isa irratti dhiyaate beekuu fi ofirraa mormuu (challenging the charge and evidence against him) dirqama ragaa dhiyeessuu fi himannicha hubachiisuu Abbaa Alangaa waliin kan walqabatu yemmuu ta’u adeemsa falmii mirga kana haala haqa qabeessa ta’een kabajeen Abbaan Alangaa akkaataa himannaatti himatamaan gochaa yakkaa ittiin himatame raawwachuu isaa haala gahaa fi ifa ta’een yoo agarsiise qofa himatamaan ofirraa ittisi jedhamuu akka qabu tumaalee SDFY keewwata 141 fi 142 hiikkoo Dhaddachi Ijibbaataa MMWF Jiildii 26ffaa galmee lak. 208644 ta’erratti kenne walitti dubbisuun hubachuun ni danda’ama.
Kanaan walqabatee akka adeemsa seeraan tumameetti himatamaan ragaalee Abbaa Alangaa kan namaa fi kan sanadaa akkasumas kan biroos yoo jiraatan beekee ofirraa mormachuuf (challenge gochuuf) carraan ifatti eega kennameef booda falmii fi ragaan A/Alangaa madaalamuun himatamaan ofirraa haa ittisu yookiin hin ittisiin jedhamuu kan qabu akka ta’e seericha irraa kan hubatamuudha. Gama kanaan ragaa namaa yookiin ijaa ilaalchisee guyyaa dhagaha guutuu akkaataa SDFY keewwata 136 – 139tti gaggeeffamu irratti himatamaan dhiyaatee ragaa Abbaa Alangaa kan ijaa gaaffii qaxxaamuraa gaafachuun ofirraa kan mormu akka ta’e seerichas ta’e qabatamni hoji-maataa jiru kan agarsiisu ta’uun beekamaadha.
Haata’u malee, ragaalee sanadaa fi kan agarsiisaa (exhibit) Abbaan Alangaa dhiyeeffatu ilaalchisee mirgi ofirraa mormachuu himatamaadhaa yoom eegamuufii akka qabu, seeraa fi hoj-maata qabatamaa gidduu garaagarummaan kan jiru ta’uun alattis qabatamni jiruyyuu garaagarummaa qaba. Kunis, himatamaan ragaalee sanadaa irratti dhiyaatan gaafa jecha amantaa ykn waakkii kennu beekee ofirraa mormuu qaba moo, gaafa ragaan ijaa dhagahamu moo eega ofirraa ittisi jedhame boodadha, qabxii jedhu irratti hanqini hubannoo bal’aan kan jiru yemmuu ta’u qabatamni hoji-maataa irra caalu eega ragaan ijaa dhagahamee himatamaan ofirraa akka ittisu jedhame booda akka qaama falmii ittisaa yookiin mirga ittifachuu himatamaatti kan ilaaludha.
Bu’ura hoj-maata olitti ibsameen himatamaan ragaa Abbaa Alangaan isa irratti dhiyaate hunda irratti mirgi dursee beekuun ofirraa mormachuu Heericha keewwata 20(4) fi SDFY keewwata 136(3) jalatti tumamee jiru otuu hin eegaminiif ragaa himatamaan ofirraa mormachuuf (challenge gochuuf) carraa hin arganneen akkaataa SDFY keewwata 141tiin akka ofirraa ittisu jedhamuun mirga heeraan himatamaaf eegame kan sarbe ta’uun alattis Seera Deemsa Falmii Yakkaa kan hordofee
https://t.me/Customlaws | 282 |
| 12 | SEERA DEEMSAA FALMI YAKKA(criminal procedure code based)
Namni yakkaan himatame tokko mirgoota bu’uuraa qabu keessaa mirgi dhagahamuu fi falmachuu isa bu’uuraa yemmuu ta’u kunis mirga waan ittiin himatame yookiin yakka irratti dhiyaate beekuu, ogeessaan gargaaramee deebii kennachuu, ragaa irratti dhiyaate beekuu fi ofirraa mormuu (the right to challenge prosecution evidence) fi falmii fi ragaa ittisaa dhiyeeffachuu kan haammatuudha.
Mirgoonni kunis akka bu’uuraatti Heera Mootummaa Rippaablika Dimokiraatawaa Federaalawaa Itiyoophiyaa fi Heera Mootummaa Naannoo Oromiyaa keewwata 20 jalatti beekamtii fi eegumsi ifa ta’e taasifameefii argama. Akkasumas Seera Deemsa Falmii Yakkaa (SDFY) keewwata 124 - 127(1) (dhiyeessa himannaa fi ragaa), keewwata 129 – 132 (dhagaha falmii duraa), keewwata 136 – 141(dhagaha ragaa abbaa alangaa) fi akkasumas seericha keewwata 142 – 143 (dhagaha falmii fi ragaa ittisaa yookiin himatamaa) fi kkf diriirfamuun tumamee jira.
Kana malees, waliigalteewwan mirga namoomaa Idil-Adunyaa biyyi keenya mallatteesite kanneen akka Waadaa Mirga Namoomaa Idil-Addunyaa (Universal Declaration of Human Rights), Kovanantii Mirgoota Siyaasaa fi Dhuunfaa Idil-Addunyaa (ICCPRs) fi kkf keessattis mirgoonni nama yakkaan himatamee kun bal’inaan beekamtii fi eegumsa kan argatan ta’uunis beekamaadha.
Mirga falmii fi ragaa ilaalchisee himatamaadhaaf heerichaan eegamuu fi seerichaan ifatti tumaman kanneen keessaa mirgi himannaa fi ragaa isa irratti dhiyaate beekuu fi ofirraa mormuu (challenging the charge and evidence against him) dirqama ragaa dhiyeessuu fi himannicha hubachiisuu Abbaa Alangaa waliin kan walqabatu yemmuu ta’u adeemsa falmii mirga kana haala haqa qabeessa ta’een kabajeen Abbaan Alangaa akkaataa himannaatti himatamaan gochaa yakkaa ittiin himatame raawwachuu isaa haala gahaa fi ifa ta’een yoo agarsiise qofa himatamaan ofirraa ittisi jedhamuu akka qabu tumaalee SDFY keewwata 141 fi 142 hiikkoo Dhaddachi Ijibbaataa MMWF Jiildii 26ffaa galmee lak. 208644 ta’erratti kenne walitti dubbisuun hubachuun ni danda’ama.
Kanaan walqabatee akka adeemsa seeraan tumameetti himatamaan ragaalee Abbaa Alangaa kan namaa fi kan sanadaa akkasumas kan biroos yoo jiraatan beekee ofirraa mormachuuf (challenge gochuuf) carraan ifatti eega kennameef booda falmii fi ragaan A/Alangaa madaalamuun himatamaan ofirraa haa ittisu yookiin hin ittisiin jedhamuu kan qabu akka ta’e seericha irraa kan hubatamuudha. Gama kanaan ragaa namaa yookiin ijaa ilaalchisee guyyaa dhagaha guutuu akkaataa SDFY keewwata 136 – 139tti gaggeeffamu irratti himatamaan dhiyaatee ragaa Abbaa Alangaa kan ijaa gaaffii qaxxaamuraa gaafachuun ofirraa kan mormu akka ta’e seerichas ta’e qabatamni hoji-maataa jiru kan agarsiisu ta’uun beekamaadha.
Haata’u malee, ragaalee sanadaa fi kan agarsiisaa (exhibit) Abbaan Alangaa dhiyeeffatu ilaalchisee mirgi ofirraa mormachuu himatamaadhaa yoom eegamuufii akka qabu, seeraa fi hoj-maata qabatamaa gidduu garaagarummaan kan jiru ta’uun alattis qabatamni jiruyyuu garaagarummaa qaba. Kunis, himatamaan ragaalee sanadaa irratti dhiyaatan gaafa jecha amantaa ykn waakkii kennu beekee ofirraa mormuu qaba moo, gaafa ragaan ijaa dhagahamu moo eega ofirraa ittisi jedhame boodadha, qabxii jedhu irratti hanqini hubannoo bal’aan kan jiru yemmuu ta’u qabatamni hoji-maataa irra caalu eega ragaan ijaa dhagahamee himatamaan ofirraa akka ittisu jedhame booda akka qaama falmii ittisaa yookiin mirga ittifachuu himatamaatti kan ilaaludha.
Bu’ura hoj-maata olitti ibsameen himatamaan ragaa Abbaa Alangaan isa irratti dhiyaate hunda irratti mirgi dursee beekuun ofirraa mormachuu Heericha keewwata 20(4) fi SDFY keewwata 136(3) jalatti tumamee jiru otuu hin eegaminiif ragaa himatamaan ofirraa mormachuuf (challenge gochuuf) carraa hin arganneen akkaataa SDFY keewwata 141tiin akka ofirraa ittisu jedhamuun mirga heeraan himatamaaf eegame kan sarbe ta’uun alattis Seera Deemsa Falmii Yakkaa kan hordofee
https://t.me/Customlaws | 1 |
| 13 |  没有文字... | 56 |
| 14 | 📚 የመንግሥት ሠራተኛ መሠረታዊ ዕሴቶችና መርሆዎች
👉 የመንግሥት መሥሪያ ቤት ተልዕኮውን በብቃት ለማሳካት ጠንካራ የሥራ ባህልና የአመራር ሥርዓት መከተል ይገባዋል። በተለይም፦
1,መፍትሔ አፍላቂነትና ግብረገብነት
2,ግልጽነትና ተጠያቂነት
3,ፕሮፌሽናሊዝምና እውነተኛነት
4, ቅልጥፍናና ውጤታማነት
5,ብዝሃነትና አካታችነት
https://t.me/Customlaws | 365 |
| 15 |  Blind obedience to authority is the greatest enemy of the truth. | 417 |
| 16 | 没有文字... | 1 |
| 17 | ✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️
Today, I want to take you into the general law on the amendment of criminal procedure, despite the fact that this channel mainly focuses on Ethiopian customs laws.
Understanding criminal procedure and evidence is equally important for anyone interested in law, justice, and the rule of law.
➡️ General Principle
Article 4: The application of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Law is guided by the fundamental principles provided under this Part. These principles shall be interpreted consistently with the Constitution, human rights laws accepted by Ethiopia, international human rights treaties, and internationally recognized legal principles.
➡️ 1. Presumption of Innocence — Article 5: Every person has the right to be presumed innocent until found guilty by a court of law. No person shall be compelled to testify against himself or herself or to confess guilt. The prosecutor bears the burden of proving the charge brought against the accused, while the accused has the right to defend himself or herself against the allegations.
➡️ 2. Prohibition of Double Jeopardy — Article 6: No person shall be prosecuted or punished again for the same criminal offence for which he or she has already been convicted, acquitted, or otherwise had the case resolved through an alternative or substituted dispute-resolution mechanism in accordance with the law.
➡️ 3. Equality Before the Law — Article 7: Persons who are arrested or accused are equal before the law and are entitled to equal protection of the law. The law shall be applied without discrimination based on race, ethnicity, nationality, colour, sex, language, religion, political opinion, social origin, wealth, birth, or any other ground not permitted by law.
➡️ 4. Arrest and Detention — Article 8: No person may be arrested without sufficient grounds to suspect that he or she has committed a crime. No person may be detained without a charge being brought against him or her or without a lawful judicial basis for detention.
➡️ 5. Prohibition of Inhuman Treatment — Article 9: It is prohibited to subject a person suspected, accused, convicted, or otherwise participating in criminal proceedings to cruel, torturous, inhuman, degrading, or humiliating treatment or punishment.
➡️ 6. Right to Legal Representation — Article 10: An arrested, accused, or convicted person has the right, from the time of arrest or accusation, to obtain legal advice, assistance, and representation from a lawyer of his or her choice. Where the person lacks the financial capacity to obtain a lawyer and the absence of legal representation may result in a miscarriage of justice, a lawyer shall be provided at government expense.
➡️ The court shall determine whether justice may be prejudiced by considering factors such as the complexity of the case, the seriousness of the offence, the circumstances of the accused, and other relevant circumstances.
➡️ In cases where legal representation is mandatory by law—including certain cases involving young persons in conflict with the law, plea or guilt agreements, serious offences where the accused has not chosen to conduct the defence personally, and other cases expressly provided by law—the case shall not proceed without legal representation.
➡️ 7. Right to Expeditious Justice — Article 11: Investigation, prosecution, and judicial proceedings shall be conducted within the time limits prescribed by law. Justice must not be unnecessarily delayed.
➡️ 8. Right to a Public Hearing — Article 12: Criminal proceedings shall generally be heard in an open and public court. However, a hearing may be conducted in closed session where required by law to protect the private life of the accused or victim, public morality, national security, or the confidentiality of the proceedings.
➡️ 9. Equality of the Parties — Article 13: Criminal proceedings shall be conducted in a manner that ensures equality between the prosecutor or private complainant and the accused.
Know the law. Avoid acting ultra vires.
https://t.me/Customlaws. | 408 |
| 18 |  የኢ.ፋ.ዳ.ሪ ጠቅሊይ ፌርዴ ቤት
ሰበር ሰሚ ችልት ሰባት ዲኞች ተሰይመው የሰጧቸው
አስገዲጅ ውሳኔ | 345 |
| 19 | ⚖️ 20 Basic Principles of Law Everyone Should Know
👉 1. Rule of Law
Everyone—including individuals, officials, institutions, and government—is subject to the law. No person or authority should exercise power arbitrarily.
👉 2. Equality Before the Law
The law must apply equally to people without unjustified discrimination. A person's wealth, status, position, or influence should not place them above the law.
👉 3. Legality — No Crime or Punishment Without Law
A person should not be convicted or punished for conduct that was not legally defined as a crime at the relevant time.
👉 4. Presumption of Innocence
A person accused of a crime is presumed innocent until their guilt is established according to law.
👉 5. Burden of Proof
In criminal proceedings, the prosecution generally bears the responsibility of proving the accused's guilt. The accused is not ordinarily required to prove their innocence.
👉 6. Right to a Fair Trial
Every person facing legal proceedings is entitled to a fair and impartial process, including appropriate notice, an opportunity to defend themselves, and an independent tribunal.
👉 7. Right to Be Heard
A person whose rights or interests may be affected by a decision should ordinarily have an opportunity to present their side before the decision is made.
👉 8. Right to Remain Silent / Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
An accused person generally cannot be compelled to incriminate themselves. Silence should not automatically be treated as an admission of guilt.
👉 9. Right to Legal Representation
A person involved in legal proceedings may have the right to obtain legal assistance and, in circumstances prescribed by law, legal aid.
👉 10. Due Process of Law
Government and judicial authorities must follow established and lawful procedures when restricting a person's rights, liberty, or property.
👉 11. Judicial Independence
Courts must be able to decide cases independently and impartially, without improper interference from government, political actors, individuals, or other institutions.
👉 12. Natural Justice
Decision-making should be fundamentally fair. Two classic ideas are the right to be heard and the rule against bias.
👉 13. No Double Jeopardy
A person should not ordinarily be prosecuted or punished twice for the same criminal offence after a final determination, subject to legally recognized exceptions.
👉 14. Non-Retroactivity of Criminal Law
A person should not ordinarily be punished under a criminal law that was enacted after the conduct occurred.
👉 15. Right to Appeal
Where the law provides an appellate procedure, a person affected by a judicial decision may challenge it before a higher court according to the applicable rules.
👉 16. Protection of Fundamental Rights
The law should protect fundamental rights such as life, liberty, dignity, equality, expression, and other rights recognized by the applicable constitution and laws.
👉 17. Protection of Property Rights
Law generally protects a person's lawful ownership and possession of property against unlawful interference, subject to lawful limitations.
👉 18. Right to Privacy
Individuals generally have a right to protection against unjustified interference with their private life, communications, family, home, and personal information, subject to lawful limitations.
👉 19. Good Faith
The law generally expects people to act honestly and fairly in legal relationships. Bad faith can have important legal consequences in many areas of law.
👉 20. Ignorance of the Law Is Generally No Excuse
As a general legal principle, a person cannot ordinarily avoid legal responsibility simply by claiming that they did not know the law. However, the exact application depends on the particular law and legal system.
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| 20 | ⚖️ 20 Basic Principles of Law Everyone Should Know
👉 1. Rule of Law
Everyone—including individuals, officials, institutions, and government—is subject to the law. No person or authority should exercise power arbitrarily.
👉 2. Equality Before the Law
The law must apply equally to people without unjustified discrimination. A person's wealth, status, position, or influence should not place them above the law.
👉 3. Legality — No Crime or Punishment Without Law
A person should not be convicted or punished for conduct that was not legally defined as a crime at the relevant time.
👉 4. Presumption of Innocence
A person accused of a crime is presumed innocent until their guilt is established according to law.
👉 5. Burden of Proof
In criminal proceedings, the prosecution generally bears the responsibility of proving the accused's guilt. The accused is not ordinarily required to prove their innocence.
👉 6. Right to a Fair Trial
Every person facing legal proceedings is entitled to a fair and impartial process, including appropriate notice, an opportunity to defend themselves, and an independent tribunal.
👉 7. Right to Be Heard
A person whose rights or interests may be affected by a decision should ordinarily have an opportunity to present their side before the decision is made.
👉 8. Right to Remain Silent / Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
An accused person generally cannot be compelled to incriminate themselves. Silence should not automatically be treated as an admission of guilt.
👉 9. Right to Legal Representation
A person involved in legal proceedings may have the right to obtain legal assistance and, in circumstances prescribed by law, legal aid.
👉 10. Due Process of Law
Government and judicial authorities must follow established and lawful procedures when restricting a person's rights, liberty, or property.
👉 11. Judicial Independence
Courts must be able to decide cases independently and impartially, without improper interference from government, political actors, individuals, or other institutions.
👉 12. Natural Justice
Decision-making should be fundamentally fair. Two classic ideas are the right to be heard and the rule against bias.
👉 13. No Double Jeopardy
A person should not ordinarily be prosecuted or punished twice for the same criminal offence after a final determination, subject to legally recognized exceptions.
👉 14. Non-Retroactivity of Criminal Law
A person should not ordinarily be punished under a criminal law that was enacted after the conduct occurred.
👉 15. Right to Appeal
Where the law provides an appellate procedure, a person affected by a judicial decision may challenge it before a higher court according to the applicable rules.
👉 16. Protection of Fundamental Rights
The law should protect fundamental rights such as life, liberty, dignity, equality, expression, and other rights recognized by the applicable constitution and laws.
👉 17. Protection of Property Rights
Law generally protects a person's lawful ownership and possession of property against unlawful interference, subject to lawful limitations.
👉 18. Right to Privacy
Individuals generally have a right to protection against unjustified interference with their private life, communications, family, home, and personal information, subject to lawful limitations.
👉 19. Good Faith
The law generally expects people to act honestly and fairly in legal relationships. Bad faith can have important legal consequences in many areas of law.
👉 20. Ignorance of the Law Is Generally No Excuse
As a general legal principle, a person cannot ordinarily avoid legal responsibility simply by claiming that they did not know the law. However, the exact application depends on the particular law and legal system.
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