MPPSC Previous Year ( PYQ )

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🔆 Indian Reservoirs Can Host 102 GW Floating Solar Capacity: NISE Report 📍 Why in Focus? ✅ A National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) assessment has estimated that India’s reservoirs can support around 102 GW of floating solar capacity, offering a solution to land constraints in achieving India’s clean energy targets. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ India’s reservoirs can host 102.18 GW of floating solar PV capacity, according to the report “Solar PV Potential of India (Floating Solar)”. ✅ Floating Solar PV helps overcome land acquisition challenges, with panels installed on floating structures over reservoirs and lakes. ✅ The assessment identified 1,946 sq. km. of feasible water surface after applying geospatial filters and a 20% cap on reservoir surface utilisation. ✅ Top potential States: Maharashtra (16.28 GW), Madhya Pradesh (14.89 GW), Karnataka (13.69 GW), Odisha (12.81 GW) and Telangana (10.72 GW). ✅ India’s flagship project is the Omkareshwar Floating Solar Park in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, currently 278 MW, with plans to expand to 600 MW. 📍 Challenges / Issues / Implications: ✅ Higher upfront costs, with floating solar installations estimated to cost around 25% more than ground-mounted systems. ✅ Technical issues such as loosening float joints, misaligned platforms, uneven buoyancy, and cable failures require improved engineering solutions. ✅ Long-term scaling requires financial support, robust maintenance systems, and site-specific feasibility assessments. ✅ Mains Question (GS-III | 250 Words): “Floating solar technology can play a significant role in addressing India’s land constraints while accelerating the clean energy transition.” Discuss its potential, challenges, and role in achieving India’s renewable energy targets. #GS3 #Energy

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🔆 Boreendo – Place in Art & Culture 📍 Why in Focus? ✅ UNESCO has inscribed Pakistan’s Boreendo on the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding List, highlighting the need to preserve this ancient musical tradition. 📍 About Boreendo ✅ A spherical clay vessel-flute producing soft, breathy tones used in folk songs, pastoral music and winter gatherings. ✅ Origin: Keti Mir Muhammad Lund, Sindh (Pakistan). ✅ Traces its roots to Mohenjo-daro, reflecting the musical heritage of the Indus Valley Civilization. 📍 Key Features ✅ Handmade from sun-dried and kiln-fired terracotta clay. ✅ Egg-shaped hollow body with 1 inlet and 3–5 finger holes. ✅ Pitch changes by tilting the mouthpiece, unlike conventional flutes. ✅ Women decorate it with traditional natural motifs. ✅ Larger instruments produce deeper resonance, while smaller ones create higher-pitched sounds. ✅ Craftsmanship and playing skills are transmitted through oral traditions, artisan families and cultural festivals. 📍 Cultural Significance ✅ Symbolises the pastoral identity of the Thar region and its harmony with nature. ✅ Survives through only one maestro (Zulfikar Loond) and one potter, making conservation urgent. ✅ Represents both musical heritage and traditional pottery craftsmanship. 📍 Indus Valley Flute Tradition ✅ Excavations at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa unearthed terracotta and bone flutes similar to the modern Boreendo. ✅ Dating to the Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1300 BCE). ✅ Made from clay, bone or shell with carefully drilled finger holes. ✅ Indicates the existence of well-developed musical traditions, including solo and group performances. 📍 UPSC Prelims Pointer ✅ Boreendo is a traditional terracotta vessel-flute associated with Sindh and traces its origins to the Indus Valley Civilization, making it an important example of ancient South Asian musical heritage. 📍 UPSC Mains Practice Question “Discuss the significance of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in preserving civilisational continuity and cultural identity. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.” (GS-I | 10 Marks | 150 Words) #prelims #art_and_culture https://t.me/Studytoday1 https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

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🔆 Narsapuram Lace Craft 📍 Why in News? ✅ The Prime Minister highlighted Narsapuram Lace Craft in Mann Ki Baat as a symbol of women-led economic empowerment and cultural continuity ✅ Its Geographical Indication (GI) Tag has renewed national attention towards this traditional craft 📍 About Narsapuram Lace Craft ✅ A traditional handmade crochet lace craft where fine threads are transformed into intricate lace products using a single crochet hook ✅ Renowned for its precision, craftsmanship and intricate designs 📍 Region ✅ Practised in West Godavari and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema districts of Andhra Pradesh ✅ Major centres include Narsapur, Palacole, Razole and Amalapuram 📍 History ✅ Introduced in 1844 by European missionaries, who trained local women in lace-making ✅ Survived famines and economic downturns, becoming a sustainable source of livelihood ✅ Has evolved into an internationally recognised handcrafted textile tradition 📍 Key Features ✅ Raw Materials: Fine cotton thread, along with silk, rayon and synthetic yarns ✅ Tools: Crochet hooks of different sizes for varied textures and patterns ✅ Technique: Manual looping and interlocking of stitches without machinery ✅ Designs: Floral, paisley and geometric motifs inspired by nature and traditional art 📍 Major Products ✅ Garments and apparel ✅ Table linen and bedspreads ✅ Doilies and cushion covers ✅ Stoles and wall hangings ✅ Other decorative home furnishing products 📍 Significance ✅ Provides livelihood and financial independence to thousands of women artisans ✅ Preserves a centuries-old indigenous textile heritage ✅ Promotes rural employment, women empowerment and handicraft exports ✅ The GI Tag helps protect authenticity and enhance market value 🎯 UPSC Prelims Fact: Narsapuram Lace Craft is a handmade crochet lace tradition of Andhra Pradesh and is protected under the Geographical Indication (GI) framework. #prelims #art_and_culture https://t.me/Studytoday1 https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

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🔆 Places in News: Philippines 🇵🇭 📍 Why in News ✅ Mass evacuation after eruption of Mayon Volcano ✅ Highlights high volcanic activity in the region 📍 Location & Political Features ✅ Philippines (Capital: Manila) ✅ Island nation in Western Pacific Ocean (SE Asia) ✅ Surrounding Water Bodies: • Philippine Sea (East) • South China Sea (West & North) • Celebes Sea (South) • Sulu Sea (Southwest) 📍 Geographical Features ✅ Highest Peak: Mount Apo ✅ Major Rivers: • Cagayan River (longest) • Mindanao River • Agusan River ✅ Main Island Groups: • Luzon • Visayas • Mindanao 📍 Volcanic Activity ✅ Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire ✅ Key Active Volcanoes: • Mayon Volcano • Bulusan Volcano • Kanlaon Volcano 📍 Significance for UPSC ✅ Important for map-based questions ✅ Frequently in news due to volcanic eruptions & disasters ✅ Strategic location near South China Sea geopolitics #GS1 #Geography #PlacesInNews

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The current list of essential commodities includes: ✅ Drugs (medicines) ✅ Fertilizers (whether inorganic, organic, or mixed) ✅ Foodstuffs, including edible oilseeds and oils ✅ Hank yarn made wholly from cotton ✅ Petroleum and petroleum products (this includes fuels like LPG, CNG, and PNG) ✅ Raw Jute and Jute Textiles ✅ Seeds of food crops, fruits, vegetables, cattle fodder, jute, and cotton

Which of the following not listed as essential commodity under the essential commodity act,1955? A. Coal B. Fertilizers C. Petroleum products D. Electronics Consumer goods

The power of the Central Government to add or remove an item from the list of essential commodities under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, comes under Section 2A of the Act. Definition & Modification: According to Section 2(A), an "essential commodity" is defined as any commodity specified in the Schedule of the Act. Authority: The Central Government has the authority to add a new commodity to the Schedule or remove an existing one from it if it is satisfied that it is necessary to do so in the public interest. Procedure: This action is taken in consultation with state governments and is finalized by issuing a notification in the Official Gazette.

Under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, the power to add or remove items from schedule lies with: A. State government B. Central govt. only C. Central govt. ( in consultation with state govt.) D. NITI AAYOG

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