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#National_Park Pin Valley National Park ▪️Pin Valley National Park is a National park of India located in the Spiti Valley in the Lahaul and Spiti district, in the state of Himachal Pradesh. within the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve. ▪️It is located in far northern India. ▪️Natural habitat for endangered animals including the Snow Leopards and Siberian ibex. ▪️ Consists of mostly Alpine trees and groves of Himalayan Cedar ▪️It is the only cold desert National Park located in Himachal Pradesh. ▪️The park lies in the valley of the Pin river, and hence derives the name. ▪️It was set up to protect and preserve the rare and unique Himalayan flora and fauna. 🔸Join @UPSC_MAP

#National_Park Sundarban National Park ▪️ The Sundarban National Park, TR,BR is located in the south-east of Calcutta in the District of West Bengal and forms part of the Gangetic Delta. ▪️ The Sundarbans mangrove forest, one of the largest such forests in the world. ▪️ It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site inscribed in 1987  ▪️ Ramsar site since 2019. ▪️ It is also part of Man and Biosphere reserve program ▪️ It is home to many rare and globally threatened wildlife species such as the estuarine crocodile, Royal Bengal Tiger, Water monitor lizard, Gangetic dolphin, and olive ridley turtles. ▪️ River Ganga & brahamaputra river Delta 🔸JOin @UPSC_MAP

#National_Park Keibul Lamjao National Park ▪️ The Keibul Lamjao National Park is a national park in the state of Manipur . ▪️ it is declared sanctuary in 1966 ▪️ National park in 1977 ▪️ It is the only floating park in the world. ▪️ It is an integral part of Loktak Lake. ▪️ The national park is characterized by many floating decomposed plant materials locally called phumdis. ▪️ To preserve the natural refuge of the endangered Manipur Eld’s deer or brow-antlered deer (Cervus eldi eldi), or sangai also called the dancing deer, listed as an endangered species by IUCN. ▪️ The park is a swamp with floating mass of vegetation created by accrual of organic garbage and biomass with soil particles that has been thickened into a solid form called phumdis, at the south–eastern side of the Loktak Lake, which has been declared a Ramsar site. ▪️ The distinctive nature of the park is that it is “too deep to be marsh, too shallow to be a lake”. ◽️ Follow @UPSC_MAP

#National_Park Nokrek National Park ▪️ Nokrek National Park, the core area of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, is a national park located approximately 2 km from Tura Peak in West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, India ▪️ UNESCO National park to its list of Biosphere Reserves in May 2009 ▪️ West Garo Hills ▪️ Known for Citrus plants ▪️ All important rivers and streams of the Garo Hills region rise from the Nokrek Range, of which the river Simsang, known as Someshwari when it emerges into Bangladesh at Baghmara, is the most prominent. ▪️ Known for Siju Caves ◽️ Follow @UPSC_MAP

#National_Park Balpakram National Park ▪️ Balpakram National Park is a national park in the south of Garo Hills in Meghalaya, India, located close to the international border with Bangladesh. ▪️ It was inaugurated in December 1987 and provides habitat for barking deer, Asian golden cat, Bengal tiger, marbled cat, wild water buffalo, red panda and Indian elephant. ▪️ Balpakram means 'land of the eternal wind' according to the myth of the Garo people. ▪️ Altitude (200-800m), south of Garo Hills ▪️ Also called "Abode of perpetual wind" and "Land of spirit" ▪️ Hotspot of Biodiversity ▪️ Famous for the pitcher plant ▪️ A variety of very rare medicinal herbs locally called"dikes". ◽️ Follow @UPSC_MAP

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▫️Countries bordering switzerland: Trick : FRAGILe Fr- France A - Austria G - Germany I - Italy L - lienchestien ◽️ Follow @UPSC_MAP

#Places_in_news FORDOW FUEL ENRICHMENT PLANT (FFEP) According to satellite images, Iran has begun construction on a site at its underground nuclear facility at Fordow amid tensions with the U.S. over its atomic programme. Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant (FFEP) is an Iranian underground uranium enrichment facility located 20 miles northeast of the Iranian city of Qom, near Fordow village. It is the second Iranian uranium enrichment facility, the other one being that of Natanz. Iran has not publicly acknowledged any new construction at Fordow, whose discovery by the West in 2009 came in an earlier round of brinkmanship before world powers struck the 2015 nuclear deal with Tehran. While the purpose of the building remains unclear, any work at Fordow will likely trigger new concern in the waning days of the Trump administration before the inauguration of U.S. President-elect Joe Biden. ◽️ Follow @UPSC_MAP

■ ASHTAMUDI LAKE. ◇ Ashtamudi Lake or Ashtamudi Kayal , is in the Kollam District of Kerala. ◇ It possesses a unique wetland ecosystem and a large palm-shaped water body. ◇ Ashtamudi means ‘eight braids’ in the local Malayalam language. ◇ The name is indicative of the lake’s topography with its multiple branches. ◇ The lake is also called the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is well known for its houseboat and backwater resorts. ◇ Ashtamudi Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands. Follow @UPSC_MAP

■ THE WARM TEMPERATE WESTERN MARGIN CLIMATE. □ DISTRIBUTION. ◇ Confined to western portion of Continental masses, between 30° and 45° N and S of equator. ◇ This climate is due to shifting of wind belts. □ CLIMATE. ◇ A dry summer climate with off shore trades. • Summer months with high temperature ex- 76°F in Rome though highest temperature experinced in interiors of Balkan penisula. • Elsewhere in central chile, south africa and mediterranean australia due to coastal position the temperature around 70°F. ◇ A concentration of rainfall in winter with on-shore westerlies. • Mediterranean receive most of the rain in winter. • Mean annual temperature is normally 25 inches. • Rain comes in heavy showers and only on few days with bright sunny periods. ◇ Prominence of local winds around the sea. • Sirocco - This is hot, dry, dusty wind which originates in Sahara desert. • Mistral - Cold wind from north, rushing down the rhone valley in violent gusts. ▪︎SOURCE - G.C. LEONG.📕 Follow @UPSC_MAP

#Sea Sea of Marmara ▪️ It seperates Black sea and Aegean sea ▪️ Countries bordering Agean sea : Turkey and Greece ▪️ Countries Bordering Sea of Marmara : The Sea of Marmara, a northeastern extension of the Mediterranean Sea, separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey (Trace), thus it separates the two continents. Bordered completely by Turkey, it connects to the Aegean Sea via the Dardanelles Strait, and to the Black Sea through the Bosporus Strait. Follow @UPSC_MAP

🏵Major Manganese Ore mining centre across world □ South Africa - Kuruman area of Kalahari Basin. □ Gabon - Moanda. □ Australia - Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpenteria. □ Russia - Nikopol Basin, Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia. □ Brazil - The Serra doNavio and Corumba district of MatoGrosso. □ Mexico - Molango region. Manganese Ore reserves (in descending order) □ Odisha □ Karnataka □ Madhya Pradesh □ Maharashtra □ Manganese Ore production (in descending order) □ Madhya Pradesh □ Odisha □ Maharashtra □ Karnata Follow @UPSC_MAP

▫️Mekong mainstream dams ◽️JOIN🔜@UPSC_MAP

#IR 📍 OPEC COUNTRIES 🖍️ OPEC is an intergovernmental organization of 13 nations. 🖍️ The stated mission of the organization is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets.” #Trick - NIKE VISA QUILA 🖍️ N - Nigeria 🖍️ I - Indonesia 🖍️ K - Kuwait 🖍️ E - Ecuador 🖍️ V - Venezuela 🖍️ I - Iran 🖍️ S - Saudi Arabia 🖍️ A - Algeria 🖍️ Q - Qatar 🖍️ U -U.A.E 🖍️ I - Iraq 🖍️ L - Libya 🖍️ A - Angola ============================ Ꭻᴏɪɴ➠@UPSC_MAP ============================

#Hills_Mountains_Peaks Cardamom Hills ◾️ Also called Yela Mala hills ◾️ Famous for crops like Cardamom, Pepper and Coffee ▪️States : Kerala and Tamilnadu ◾️ Western Ghats along with Cardamom Hills are UNESCO World Heritage Site ◾️Includes Idukki Dam and Mullaperiyar Dam ◾️ Surrounded by Annamalai hills to North west, Palani hills to North east and Agasthyamalai hills to South Join Here ^<^-^<^@UPSC_MAP

🔆Minami-Torishima island (Japan) ✅Why in news: Researchers discovered 230 million tons of minerals, including cobalt and nickel, off a remote island 1,200 miles from Tokyo. ✅Minami-Torishima Island, also known as Marcus Island, is an isolated Japanese coral atoll in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, 1,950 km southeast of Tokyo. ✅ It is Japan’s easternmost territory and the only one on the Pacific Plate. ✅The island is shaped like an equilateral triangle and formed by a raised coral reef, with flat terrain and a maximum altitude of 9 meters.