UPSC MAP

IMPORTANT ARTICLES RELATED TO SUPREME COURT & HIGH COURTS

Case study on “localised ecological destruction” and how it has impacted the Banda city in Uttar Pradesh. 🔆 Inside the Heat Trap: Why Banda is Heating Up 📍 Record Heat in Banda (Uttar Pradesh) ✅ Banda recorded 48.2°C on May 19, the highest temperature in the district since 1951. ✅ It topped India’s temperature charts multiple times in April–May. 🔆 Inside the Heat Trap: Why Banda is Heating Up 📍 Record Heat in Banda (Uttar Pradesh) ✅ Banda recorded 48.2°C on May 19, the highest temperature in the district since 1951. ✅ It topped India’s temperature charts multiple times in April–May. 🔆 Major Causes Behind Extreme Heat 📍 Mining & Blasting ✅ Hills are blasted using explosives and excessive sand mining occurs in the Ken River. ✅ Ecological destruction weakens natural cooling systems. 📍 Dust & Debris Clouds ✅ Blasting activities create massive dust clouds. ✅ Suspended particles trap heat near the surface and reduce natural cooling. 📍 River Degradation ✅ Sand removal reduces river recharge capacity. ✅ Water runoff increases while groundwater recharge declines. ✅ Ken River’s depth has drastically reduced in many stretches. 📍 Groundwater Collapse ✅ Depleted aquifers and lack of recharge have pushed groundwater levels down significantly. ✅ Dry soil and rocks absorb and radiate more heat. 📍 Deforestation ✅ Rapid forest cover loss has reduced shade and moisture release. ✅ Trees help cool the atmosphere through evapotranspiration and wind regulation. 🔆 Impact of Heat Trap ✅ Increased heatwave frequency and intensity. ✅ Water scarcity and agricultural stress. ✅ Rising health risks like heatstroke and dehydration. ✅ Ecological imbalance and biodiversity loss. 🔆 Way Forward ✅ Strict regulation of illegal mining and blasting. ✅ River restoration and groundwater recharge measures. ✅ Large-scale afforestation and urban greening. ✅ Heat Action Plans and climate-resilient infrastructure. ✅ Sustainable land and water management practices.

Geography erosion & its types

How a river differs from tributary

River landforms

West Flowing Rivers. ( Mnemonic : Namaste London ) Na : Narmada Ma : Mahi S : Sabarmati Te : Tapti London : Luni

🔆 Place in News: Indonesia 📍 Context ✅ Dukono Volcano erupted in North Maluku Province of Indonesia 🔆 About Indonesia 📍 Capital ✅ Jakarta 📍 Location ✅ Situated between the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean ✅ Located off mainland Southeast Asia 📍 Major Islands ✅ Sumatra ✅ Java ✅ Kalimantan ✅ Sulawesi ✅ Papua 📍 Boundaries ✅ Shares land borders with: • East Timor • Papua New Guinea • Malaysia 📍 Global Significance ✅ Founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) along with India 🔆 Geographical Features 📍 Tectonic Setting ✅ Located at the convergence of major tectonic plates ✅ Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire ✅ Highly prone to: • Earthquakes • Volcanic eruptions • Tsunamis 📍 Volcanism ✅ Has more than 100 active volcanoes ✅ Important volcanoes include: • Mount Merapi • Mount Krakatoa • Dukono Volcano 📍 Climate ✅ Experiences tropical climate due to equatorial location

Solid Waste Management Rules-2026

Landforms

GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA

Indian ocean Islands

IMPORTANT DAMS

Important Earthquakes Concepts

Earthquake focus epicentre magnitude

Zones of earth

River landforms rivers course erosion & deposition

Equinox solstice . day &night Earth - Sun

🔆 Chabahar Port 📍 Recent Context ✅ Iran’s Foreign Minister described Chabahar Port as a key symbol of India–Iran cooperation ✅ Called it the “Golden Gate to Central Asia” 📍 India’s Involvement ✅ In 2018, India Ports Global Limited (IPGL) took over port operations ✅ In 2024, India signed a 10-year agreement to operate the Shahid Beheshti Terminal 🔆 About Chabahar Port 📍 Location ✅ Situated in Sistan–Baluchestan Province on the Makran Coast in South-eastern Iran ✅ Located along the Gulf of Oman 📍 Key Features ✅ Has two major terminals: • Shahid Kalantari Terminal • Shahid Beheshti Terminal ✅ Only Iranian port with direct access to the Indian Ocean ✅ Strategic gateway connecting: • India • Central Asia • Afghanistan • Russia 📍 Strategic Importance ✅ Key component of the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) ✅ Enhances regional trade and connectivity between India, Central Asia & Russia ✅ Helps India bypass Pakistan for trade access to Afghanistan and Central Asia ✅ Important for India’s: • Regional connectivity strategy • Energy security • Geostrategic presence in Eurasia