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Bellatrix built two. Rudra is India's first high-performance green propulsion system, delivering hydrazine-equivalent thrust while cutting handling costs by over 60%. Jal is a microwave plasma thruster that uses water as propellant, which Bellatrix claims is the world's first such system built by a private company. Both have been tested in orbit: Rudra fired on ISRO's POEM-3 in January 2024, and again on POEM-4 in January 2025. Their third product, Pushpak, is an orbital transfer vehicle the company says can bring satellite deployment costs from $45,000 to $25,000 per kilogram. In October 2024, Bellatrix signed an MoU with ISRO's commercial arm, NewSpace India Limited, to integrate Pushpak into its launch missions. The company has raised $31 million to date, backed by BASF Venture Capital, Inflexor Ventures, and Cactus Partners. For India, a domestic green propulsion stack means less dependence on imported hydrazine, lower costs for Indian satellite startups, and export-ready technology in a global market actively moving away from toxic fuels. Kalam asked Rohan to prove his concept. More than a decade later, the proof has been fired in orbit.

In 2012, a 19-year-old aeronautical engineering student from Coimbatore presented propulsion research at a NASA event. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam noticed, sought him out for a meeting, and handed him a recommendation letter with one challenge: prove your concept. That student was Rohan M. Ganapathy. Three years later, he and family friend Yashas Karanam co-founded Bellatrix Aerospace from IISc's incubation lab in Bengaluru. The problem they chose to solve touches every satellite in orbit. Nearly all satellites run on hydrazine, a propellant that has been standard since the 1960s. It is deeply toxic, carcinogenic, and so hazardous that it requires specialized crews and loading facilities near the launch site. India imports all of it. Nobody was building an alternative.

Eggs are one of the most debated foods in Ayurveda. Ayurveda does not outright ban eggs but it classifies them as Tamasic food, recommends them primarily as a therapeutic remedy rather than an everyday staple, and insists they be prepared with specific spices and cooking methods to minimize doshic imbalance. Vagbhata's Ashtanga Hridayam, Sutrasthana Chapter 6 echoes similar classifications, grouping eggs among substances that are guru (heavy), snigdha (unctuous), and madhura vipaka (sweet post-digestive effect). Vagbhata emphasizes that such foods are best consumed in winter seasons when digestive fire (Agni) is naturally strong. The critical takeaway: Ayurveda does include eggs as a recognized food category, but treats them more as a medicinal food (Aushadha Dravya) than a daily dietary item.

Satellite pic shows Godzilla El Niño wave in Pacific Ocean A NASA satellite has captured massive wave of heat driving an El Niño event from beneath the surface in Pacific Ocean. New observations reveal unusually high sea levels stretching across equatorial Pacific. Researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory said conditions closely resemble those seen during 1997, the year one of the strongest El Niño events, nicknamed 'Godzilla Niño', developed.

India puts gifts received by Indian dignitaries at MEA's Toshakhana for auction. These includes Rolex Yacht Master 11, Glass showpiece of Nine Dragons, Turkish Ceramic Plate, Porcelain bust of Mikhail Gorbachev etc

NCERT has named its language textbooks after rivers of India. The name “Krishna” is named after the Krishna River. The Hindi textbook has been named as “Ganga”, the English textbook has been named as “Kaveri”, and the Urdu textbook has been named as “Jamuna” (Yamuna). Similarly, the Kannada textbook has been named as “Krishna” as it is one of the major rivers flowing in Karnataka. A balanced diet has been covered in Chapter 6 of this textbook. It is also covered under a separate heading, ‘Balanced Diet’ on page 63. The illustrative image given on page 63 includes both vegetarian and non-vegetarian food items. Nowhere in the textbook is vegetarianism explained or justified, nor is non-vegetarian food opposed.

Post of ASO : CSIR For Non recommended candidates of UPSC CSE 2024

Telegram App Banned In India Until June 22 Ahead Of NEET (UG) 2026 Re-Exam | Republic World https://www.republicworld.com/education/telegram-app-banned-in-india-until-june-22-ahead-of-neet-re-exam-2026-06-16-128420

To carve Kailasa from the top down out of a single volcanic mass, the ancient Sthapatis (master engineers) had to solve problems that modern CAD software handles today. Before a single chisel touched the stone, the entire multi-story complex including its internal rooms, floating balconies, drainage systems & columns had to be mathematically mapped out in 3Ds. In a traditional building, if a room is misaligned, we can tear down a wall & rebuild it. In rock-cut monolithic architecture, we cannot put back rock that has been carved away. A single 5" calculation error on the roof would cause a column on the 3rd floor below to completely miss its load-bearing alignment, collapsing the ceiling. The then engineers used a highly sophisticated system of geometric grids based on micro-measurements (Angula & Hasta). They used a technique called Volumetric Prototyping. They modeled the mountain as a massive 3D coordinate matrix (X, Y, Z axes), translating a highly advanced, non-surviving theoretical blueprint seamlessly onto the undulating, uneven surface of a natural cliffside. Carving 400000 tons of basalt, hardened volcanic lava rich in silica & iron cannot be done by simply swinging ordinary iron tools. The tools would blunt/deform/break within mins. The construction period correlates with India's absolute peak in Wootz steel production. This was a form of nanotech where iron was smelted with specific carbon-rich organic materials in sealed crucibles, creating a matrix of ultra-hard iron carbides (cementite). Now to move 100s of 1000s of tons of rock rapidly w/o modern explosives, they likely used controlled thermal stress. By heating targeted fracture lines along the basalt's natural crystalline planes using massive, localized fires & then instantly dousing them with cold water, they forced the rock to cleanly shear itself apart along flat planes. This is a highly calculated application of thermodynamics. In ancient India, advanced scientific & engineering knowledge was not published in open-source public libraries. It was fiercely guarded within highly specialized, hereditary engineering guilds (Shrenis/Vishwakarmas). Knowledge was passed down from master to apprentice via encrypted architectural texts (Vastu Shastras) & oral mathematical mnemonics. This kept the IP secure from foreign theft, but it made the entire scientific system highly vulnerable to a SPOF. If a single elite guild of master builders was wiped out in a war, the complex mathematical formulas for calculating rock stress & monolithic geometric projections died with them instantly.

Kailasa Temple credit : chapterofdesign

"Civilizational inheritance is not just about geography or ruins, it is defined by living customs, symbols, rituals, and unbroken cultural consciousness. India is the enduring living continuity of the Indus-Saraswati Civilization."

The Supreme Court has invoked its powers under Article 142 of the Constitution and issued binding directions to all High Courts to curb delays in the pronouncement of judgments. A bench led by CJI Surya Kant directed all High Courts to pronounce reserved judgments within three months. It ordered courts to deliver bail orders on the same day or, if reserved, on the next day. The Court also directed immediate communication of regular bail orders to trial courts and said undertrial prisoners granted bail should be released the same day, subject to formalities. All judgments once pronounced must be uploaded on High Court websites within 24 hours, the Court observed. The Court further held that the date of pronouncement of the operative part of a judgment will be treated as the date of pronouncement of the judgment itself. The Court said that the High Courts are the primary institutions where thousands of people flock to seek justice and timely delivery of judgments is essential. It clarified that the directions were not intended to cast aspersions on any individual judge or any institution. The judgment came in a case concerning long delays in pronouncement and uploading of judgments, particularly in the Jharkhand High Court.