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Null Hypothesis is denoted by? शून्य परिकल्पना को किससे दर्शाया जाता है? A) H1 😂 B) H0 ❤️ C) Ha 🙏 D) Hn 👍 NET JRF QUIZ🌟🔰🔰 https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbDBbW1JZg4496bssr42/775

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🌟🌟🌟UGC NET Paper 1 - ICT Unit | 🔰🔰 Important Digital Initiatives & E-Learning Platforms - Full Forms✨✨ 🔹 SWAYAM - Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds 🔹 NPTEL - National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning 🔹 NDL - National Digital Library of India 🔹 DIKSHA - Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing 🔹 NMEICT - National Mission on Education through ICT 🔹 FOSSEE - Free and Open Source Software for Education 🔹 VIDWAN - VIDWAN Expert Database and National Researcher Network 🔹 IRINS - Indian Research Information Network System 🔹 INFLIBNET - Information and Library Network 🔹 e-PG Pathshala - e-Post Graduate Pathshala 🔹 NKN - National Knowledge Network 🔹 MOOC - Massive Open Online Course 🔹 NROER - National Repository of Open Educational Resources 🔹 NDEAR - National Digital Education Architecture 🔹 PM eVIDYA - PM eVIDYA Programme 🔹 ARPIT - Annual Refresher Programme in Teaching 🔹 NEAT - National Educational Alliance for Technology 🔹 GIAN - Global Initiative of Academic Networks 🔹 SPARC - Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration 🔹 IMPRINT - Impacting Research Innovation and Technology 🔹 NAD - National Academic Depository 🔹 LMS - Learning Management System यूजीसी नेट पेपर 1 - आईसीटी यूनिट | महत्वपूर्ण डिजिटल पहल एवं ई-लर्निंग प्लेटफॉर्म - 🔹 SWAYAM - स्टडी वेब्स ऑफ एक्टिव-लर्निंग फॉर यंग एस्पायरिंग माइंड्स 🔹 NPTEL - नेशनल प्रोग्राम ऑन टेक्नोलॉजी एनहांस्ड लर्निंग 🔹 NDL - नेशनल डिजिटल लाइब्रेरी ऑफ इंडिया 🔹 DIKSHA - डिजिटल इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर फॉर नॉलेज शेयरिंग 🔹 NMEICT - नेशनल मिशन ऑन एजुकेशन थ्रू आईसीटी 🔹 FOSSEE - फ्री एंड ओपन सोर्स सॉफ्टवेयर फॉर एजुकेशन 🔹 VIDWAN - विद्वान एक्सपर्ट डेटाबेस एंड नेशनल रिसर्चर नेटवर्क 🔹 IRINS - इंडियन रिसर्च इन्फॉर्मेशन नेटवर्क सिस्टम 🔹 INFLIBNET - इन्फॉर्मेशन एंड लाइब्रेरी नेटवर्क 🔹 e-PG Pathshala - ई-पोस्ट ग्रेजुएट पाठशाला 🔹 NKN - नेशनल नॉलेज नेटवर्क 🔹 MOOC - मैसिव ओपन ऑनलाइन कोर्स 🔹 NROER - नेशनल रिपॉजिटरी ऑफ ओपन एजुकेशनल रिसोर्सेज 🔹 NDEAR - नेशनल डिजिटल एजुकेशन आर्किटेक्चर 🔹 PM eVIDYA - पीएम ई-विद्या प्रोग्राम 🔹 ARPIT - एनुअल रिफ्रेशर प्रोग्राम इन टीचिंग 🔹 NEAT - नेशनल एजुकेशनल अलायंस फॉर टेक्नोलॉजी 🔹 GIAN - ग्लोबल इनिशिएटिव ऑफ एकेडमिक नेटवर्क्स 🔹 SPARC - स्कीम फॉर प्रमोशन ऑफ एकेडमिक एंड रिसर्च कोलैबोरेशन 🔹 IMPRINT - इम्पैक्टिंग रिसर्च इनोवेशन एंड टेक्नोलॉजी 🔹 NAD - नेशनल एकेडमिक डिपॉजिटरी 🔹 LMS - लर्निंग मैनेजमेंट सिस्टम 📚✨ Follow the NET JRF PAPER 1 channel on WhatsApp 👇 🔗 https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va8ot12BVJl5rSPfN618 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 🎯📝 Follow the NET JRF QUIZ channel on WhatsApp 👇 🔗 https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbDBbW1JZg4496bssr42

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🎓 _Open University - Notes (UGC NET)_ 🎯 🏫 First Open University of India (State level) - _Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad - 1982_ 🏛️ First National Open University of India - _IGNOU, New Delhi - 1985_ 📜 Recommendation for IGNOU - _By Parthasarathi Committee (1974)_ 👑 Father of Distance Education in India - _Dr. G. Ram Reddy_ 🕍 First Open University of U.P. - _Rajrishi Tandon Open University, Prayagraj - 1999_ 🌍 First Open University of the World - _The Open University, Milton Keynes (UK) - 1969_ 🎯 Objective - _Access, Equity and Flexibility_ 🏢 _DEC - Distance Education Council - Estd. 1991 (by IGNOU), Now looked after by UGC-DEB (Distance Education Bureau) since 2013_ 🔢 Total Open Universities in India - _1 National + 17 State = 18_ 🏯 First of Bihar - _Nalanda Open University - 1987_ ✨ Feature - _Flexibility in admission, No age bar, CBCS (Choice Based Credit System)_ 🎓 _मुक्त विश्वविद्यालय - (UGC NET)_ 🎯 🏫 भारत का प्रथम मुक्त विश्वविद्यालय (राज्य) - _डॉ. बी. आर. अम्बेडकर मुक्त वि., हैदराबाद - 1982_ 🏛️ भारत का प्रथम राष्ट्रीय मुक्त विश्वविद्यालय - _इग्नू (IGNOU), नई दिल्ली - 1985_ 📜 इग्नू की सिफारिश - _पार्थसारथी समिति (1974)_ ने की थी 👑 दूरस्थ शिक्षा के जनक - _डॉ. जी. राम रेड्डी_ 🕍 उ.प्र. का प्रथम मुक्त वि. - _राजर्षि टंडन मुक्त वि., प्रयागराज - 1999_ 🌍 विश्व का प्रथम मुक्त वि. - _ओपन यूनिवर्सिटी, मिल्टन कीन्स (ब्रिटेन) - 1969_ 🎯 उद्देश्य - _पहुंच, समानता, लचीलापन_ 🏢 _DEC - Distance Education Council (दूरस्थ शिक्षा परिषद) - स्थापना 1991 (IGNOU द्वारा), अब UGC-DEB (Distance Education Bureau - दूरस्थ शिक्षा ब्यूरो) देखता है 2013 से_ 🔢 भारत में कुल मुक्त वि. - _1 राष्ट्रीय + 17 राज्य = 18_ 🏯 बिहार का प्रथम - _नालंदा मुक्त वि. - 1987_ ✨ विशेषता - _प्रवेश में लचीलापन, आयु में छूट, CBCS प्रणाली_

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*📚 New Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) - EXAM ORIENTED Notes - UGC NET 🎯* *📜 1. Basic Information* - *Launched -* Approved by Union Cabinet on 29th July 2020 - 🔢 *Order -* 3rd Education Policy. 1st in 1968, 2nd in 1986 (revised in 1992), 3rd in 2020 - After 34 years ⏳ - 👨‍🔬 *Committee -* Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee (Former ISRO Chief) 🚀 - 📝 *Before that -* T.S.R. Subramanian Committee (2017) gave initial draft - 🌍 *Goal -* To make India a Global Knowledge Superpower and spend 6% of GDP on education 💰 *🏫 2. School Education - 5+3+3+4 🔄* - ❌ Replaces 10+2 ✅ New Structure - - 👶 *5 - Foundational (Age 3-8) -* 3 years Anganwadi / Pre-school + 2 years Class 1-2 - 👦 *3 - Preparatory (Age 8-11) -* Class 3-5 - 🧑‍🎓 *3 - Middle (Age 11-14) -* Class 6-8 - 👨‍🎓 *4 - Secondary (Age 14-18) -* Class 9-12 - ⭐ *Key Reforms -* - 🧸 *ECCE -* Early Childhood Care and Education compulsory for 3-6 years - 🗣️ *Language -* Mother tongue / Regional language till Class 5 (preferably till 8) - 💻 *Vocational -* Vocational education, Coding, Internship from Class 6, Bagless days 🎒❌ - 📝 *Exam -* Board exam twice a year, competency-based not rote learning - 📊 *Report Card -* 360-degree assessment - by self, peers and teachers 🔄 - ✅ *PARAKH -* National Assessment Centre *🎓 3. Higher Education - Most Important for NET Paper 1 🔥* - 📈 *GER -* To increase from 26.3% (2018) to 50% by 2035 - 🚪 *Multiple Entry and Exit -* - 1️⃣ Year - Certificate 📜 - 2️⃣ Years - Diploma 📃 - 3️⃣ Years - Bachelor's Degree 🎓 - 4️⃣ Years - Honours with Research Degree (FYUP) 🏅 - 🏦 *ABC - Academic Bank of Credits -* Credits will be stored digitally 💳 - 🏛️ *HECI - Proposed -* Higher Education Commission of India - Single regulator replacing UGC, AICTE, NCTE - *Not formed till 2026* ⚠️ - 🔬 *ANRF - Anusandhan National Research Foundation -* ANRF Act 2023 passed - 🏫 *Types of Institutions -* - 1. Research-intensive 🔬 - 2. Teaching-intensive 👨‍🏫 - 3. Autonomous Degree Colleges 🏫 *💡 4. Other Important Facts* - 🗣️ *Three-Language Formula -* Will continue, no language will be imposed - 👨‍🏫 *Teacher Education -* 4-year Integrated B.Ed compulsory by 2030 - ✈️ *Foreign Universities -* Top 100 foreign universities allowed to open campus in India - 🎯 *Core Principle -* Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, Accountability *❓ 5. 5 Expected Questions in NET* 1. NEP 2020 recommended by which committee? - Kasturirangan Committee ✅ 2. 5+3+3+4 replaces what? - 10+2 ✅ 3. GER Target? - 50% (by 2035) ✅ 4. Full Form of ABC? - Academic Bank of Credits ✅ 5. What is ANRF? - To promote research ✅ --- *⚡ 6. One Liner Revision - - 📌 NEP 2020 = 3rd NEP - 📌 Cabinet Approval = 29 July 2020 - 📌 Chairman = K. Kasturirangan - 📌 10+2 ➡️ 5+3+3+4 - 📌 Mother tongue compulsory till Class 5 - 📌 Coding + Vocational from Class 6 - 📌 360° Report Card - 📌 Board Exam = Twice a year - 📌 GER = 50% by 2035 - 📌 ABC = Academic Bank of Credits - 📌 1 Year = Certificate, 2 = Diploma, 3 = Degree, 4 = Research Degree - 📌 HECI = Proposed (Not formed) - 📌 ANRF = 2023 Act passed - 📌 PARAKH = Assessment Centre - 📌 4-year B.Ed = Compulsory by 2030 - 📌 Education Spending = 6% of GDP - 📌 *Core Mantra of NEP = ECCE + FYUP + ABC + ANRF* UGC NET channel ✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨ https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb8zPAc2ER6Zh0Pn6W0k UGC NET JRF QUIZ channel ✨✨✨✨✨✨✨ https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbDBbW1JZg4496bssr42

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*शिक्षा आयोग / समिति - Year Wise List* 1854 - वुड डिस्पैच 1882 - हंटर आयोग 1902 - रैले आयोग 1917 - सैडलर आयोग 1929 - हार्टोग समिति 1937 - वर्धा योजना 1944 - सार्जेंट योजना 1948-49 - राधाकृष्णन आयोग 1952-53 - मुदलियार आयोग 1964-66 - कोठारी आयोग 1968 - पहली राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति त्रि-भाषा सूत्र 1986 - दूसरी राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 1990 - राममूर्ति समिति 1992 - जनार्दन रेड्डी समिति 2005 - NCF 2009 - RTE अधिनियम 2020 - NEP _Education Commission / Committee - Year Wise List_ 1854 - Wood's Despatch 1882 - Hunter Commission 1902 - Raleigh Commission 1917 - Sadler Commission 1929 - Hartog Committee 1937 - Wardha Scheme 1944 - Sargent Plan 1948-49 - Radhakrishnan Commission 1952-53 - Mudaliar Commission 1964-66 - Kothari Commission 1968 - First National Education Policy - Three Language Formula 1986 - Second National Education Policy 1990 - Ramamurti Committee 1992 - Janardhan Reddy Committee 2005 - NCF 2009 - RTE Act 2020 - NEP Follow the UGC NET channel on WhatsApp: ✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨ https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb8zPAc2ER6Zh0Pn6W0k

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*📝 NEW RAMSAR SITES * *🌍 Total Ramsar Sites in India = 103* 🎉 --- *1️⃣ SUKHNA WETLAND - Chandigarh* 📍 *Location:* Chandigarh UT 🏔️ *At Foothills of:* Shivalik / Outer Himalayas 🔢 *Ramsar No:* 2602 🥇 *Special Point:* 1st Ramsar Site of Chandigarh UT 🦅 *Fauna:* Pallas's Fish Eagle (Endangered) 🦅, Common Pochard (Vulnerable) 🦆, Black Pond Turtle 🐢 🏙️ *Type:* Peri-urban reservoir 📅 *Date:* 15 Oct 2026 *2️⃣ SAUJ JHEEL 🌊 - Uttar Pradesh* 📍 *Location:* Mainpuri District, UP 🌊 *Type:* Shallow Freshwater Lake 🏞️ *In Floodplain of:* Ganga River 🔢 *Ramsar No:* 2603 🥇 *Special Point:* Mainpuri is ONLY district in UP with 2 Ramsar Sites ➡️ Saman Bird Sanctuary + Sauj Jheel 😎 🦢 *Fauna:* Many migratory waterbirds 🕊️ * --- UGC NET quick revision NOTES https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb8zPAc2ER6Zh0Pn6W0k NET JRF QUIZ https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbDBbW1JZg4496bssr42