Self-study materials for IELTS

⚡️ Ingliz tilidan o'z bilimingizni sinovchi TEST. Her parents died when she was a child and she was ___ by her grandparents. ⚡️Quiz @NewEnglishGrammar Test ❗️To'g'ri javobni bilish uchun👇

Thinking critically (tips for reading) As you read, ask yourself questions about what the writer is saying, and how and why the writer is presenting the information at hand. Important critical thinking skills for academic reading and writing: ● Analyzing: Examining a text in close detail in order to identify key points, similarities, and differences. • Evaluating: Using evidence to decide how relevant, important, or useful something is. This often involves looking at reasons for and against something. • Inferring:" Reading between the lines" ; in other words, identifying what a writer is saying indirectly, or implicitly. rather than directly, or explicitly. • Synthesizing: Gathering appropriate information and ideas from more than one source and making a judgment, summary, or conclusion based on the evidence. • Reflecting: Relating ideas and information in a text to your own personal experience and preconceptions ( i.e., the opinions or beliefs you had before reading the text). @SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️

🗺 #map •Ambitions •Art •Advice •Animals •Buildings •Book •Business people •Business •City •Countryside •Computers •Culture •Childhood •Crime •Environment •Education •Famous people •Family •Food •Feelings and emotions •Friends •Finance •Home and accommodation •Home •Habits •Health •Health and fitness •History •Intelligence •Jobs •Keeping fit •Medicine •Movies •News •Photos •Phones •Relationships •Relaxing •Socialising •Sport(Keith) •Sport •Science •Street markets •Shopping •Social media •Studying •Technology •Transport •Weather •Weather (Keith) Topic-based vocabulary

Tips for Writing; Features of academic writing There are many types of academic writing ( descriptive, argumentative/ persuasive, narrative, etc.), but most types share similar characteristics. Generally, in academic writing you should: • write in full sentences. • use formal English. ( Avoid slang or conversational expressions such as kind of.) • be clear and coherent- keep to your main point ; avoid technical words that the reader may not know. • use signal words and phrases to connect your ideas. • have a clear point ( main idea) for each paragraph. • be objective- most academic writing uses a neutral, impersonal point of view, so avoid overuse of personal pronouns (I, we, you) and subjective language such as nice or terrible. • use facts, examples, and expert opinions to support your argument. • show where the evidence or opinions come from. ( According to the 2009 World Database Survey,....) • show that you have considered other viewpoints. Generally, in academic writing you should not: • use abbreviations or language used in texting. ( Use that is rather than i.e., and in my opinion, not IMO.) • use contractions. ( Use is not rather than isn't.) • be vague. ( Many years ago, someone proposed that people had introduced a new era. → In the 1870s, an Italian geologist named Antonio Stoppani proposed that people had introduced a new era, which he labeled the Anthropozoic.) • include several pronoun references in a single sentence. ( he thinks it's a better idea than the other one, but I agree with her.) • start sentences with or, and, or but. • apologize to the reader. ( I'm sorry I don't know much about this, but...) In academic writing, it is important to sound confident about what you are saying! @SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️

#shadowing Shadowing is an advanced language learning technique, which can be used by learners independently to improve their intonation and pronunciation. It's quite a simple concept - you listen to a model (i.e. a video or audio of someone speaking) and you repeat what they say in real time. @SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️

Punctuation Keep the following rules in mind: • Use a question mark (?) at the end of every question. Use a period (.) at the end of any sentence that is not a question. • Exclamation marks (!), which indicate strong feelings such as surprise or joy, are generally not used in academic writing. • Use commas (,) to separate a list of three or more things. ( AesthЕТic principles provide a set of criteria for creating and evaluating artistic objects such as painting, music, film, and other art forms.) • Use a comma after an introductory word or phrase. ( For example, it has large double doors that are at street level./ Furthermore, the entire library is on one level.) • Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction- and, but, so, yet, or, and nor- that joins two sentences. ( Its population in the United States is growing, but experts believe its overall population is declining.). @SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️

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Common signal phrases Making an overview statement: It is generally agreed that... It is clear ( from the chart/ table) that... Generally, we can see that... Giving supporting details and examples: One/ An example ( of this) is... For example,/ For instance,... Specifically,..../ More specifically,.. From my experience,.. Giving reasons: This is due to... This is because ( of)... One reason ( for this) is... Describing cause and effect: Consequently, Therefore,. As a result,... As a consequence,... This means that... Because of this, Giving definitions: which means... In other words,... That is... Linking arguments and reasons: Furthermore,.../ Moreover,... In addition,.../ Additionally,. For one thing,./ For another example, Not only... but also... Describing a process: First ( of all),. Then/ Next/ After that,... As soon as.../ When... Finally,... Outlining contrasting views On the other hand,.../ however,... Although some people believe ( that). it can also be argued that... While it may be true that..., nevertheless, Despite this,../ Despite ( the fact that),./ Even though... Softening a statement: It seems/ appears that... The evidence suggests/ indicates that... Giving a personal opinion: In my opinion,.. I ( generally) agree that... I think/ feel that... I believe ( that)... Restating/Concluding: in conclusion,.../ In summary,... To conclude,.../ To summarize,... @SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️

Adverbs of Frequency Book: Pathways @SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️

Vocabulary for the subscribers of SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️ 1. Jaw dropping(inf) - amazing 2. Label as... 3. Cliches - meaningless phrases. 4. Deadpan - serious facial expression that shows no emotion. 5. Perform at one's best 6. Blackouts - periods of time without electricity or energy. 7. Digital currency - virtual currency 8. Dip a toe into - try doing something ( in order to test whether it will be successful or suitable) 9. Imposed on you - forced on you 10. To keep someone company - spend time with someone 11. Time benders - those who are always late. To be continued @SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️

Watch out for frequently confused words: • there, their, and they're • to, too, and two • quit, quiet, and quite • week, weak • its and it's • whose and who's • write and right • affect and effect • by, buy, and bye • your and you're • where, wear, we're, and were • then and than through, though, and thorough • lose and loose • accept and except @SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️

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Tips for Reading and Note Taking Reading fluently. Why develop your reading speed? Reading slowly, one word at a time, makes it difficult to get an overall sense of the meaning of a text. As a result, reading becomes more challenging and less interesting than if you read at a faster pace. In general, it is a good idea to first skim a text for the gist, and then read it again more closely so that you can focus on the most relevant details. Strategies for improving reading speed: • Try to read groups of words rather than individual words. ● Keep your eyes moving forward. Read through to the end of each sentence or paragraph instead of going back to reread words or phrases within the sentence or paragraph. • Read selectively. Skip functional words ( articles, prepositions, etc.) and focus on words and phrases carrying meaning- the content words. • Use clues in the text- such as highlighted text ( bold words, words in italics, etc.)- to help you know which parts might be important and worth focusing on. • Use section headings, as well as the first and last lines of paragraphs, to help you understand how the text is organized. • Use context and other clues such as affixes and part of speech to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases. Try to avoid using a dictionary if you are reading quickly for overall meaning. @SELF_STUDY_MATERIALS 🗝️