UPSC GEOGRAPHY

■ TEMPERATE CONTINENTAL (STEPPE) CLIMATE. □ DISTRIBUTION. ◇ Bordering deserts, away from mediterranean regions and in the interiors of continents are Temperate grasslands. ◇ In the northern hemisphere, grasslands are far more extensive and continental. ◇ In Eurasia they are called the steppes. ◇ In North america, the grasslands are quite extensive and called Prairies. ◇ In Southern hemisphere due to narrowness of temperate portions of continents, grasslands are less continental. ◽CLIMATE. ◇ Temperature. • Located in heart of continents means that they have little maritime influence. • Summers are very warm - 66° in winnipeg for july. • winters cold due to distance from sea. • In southern hemisphere the climate is never severe. • Annual temperature is great because of Continentality. ◇ Precipitation. • In the continental position the annual rain of steppe climate can be expected to be light. • Average rainfall may be taken as about 20 inches. ▪︎SOURCE - G.C.LEONG.📕 ▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ THE WARM TEMPERATE WESTERN MARGIN CLIMATE. □ DISTRIBUTION. ◇ Confined to western portion of Continental masses, between 30° and 45° N and S of equator. ◇ This climate is due to shifting of wind belts. □ CLIMATE. ◇ A dry summer climate with off shore trades. • Summer months with high temperature ex- 76°F in Rome though highest temperature experinced in interiors of Balkan penisula. • Elsewhere in central chile, south africa and mediterranean australia due to coastal position the temperature is around 70°F. ◇ A concentration of rainfall in winter with on - shore westerlies. • Mediterranean lands receive most of the rain in winter. • Mean annual temperature is normally 25 inches. • Rain comes in heavy showers and only on a few days with bright sunny periods. ◇ Prominence of local winds around the sea. • Sirocco - This is hot, dry, dusty wind which originates in Sahara desert. • Mistral - Cold wind from north, rushing down the rhone valley in violent gusts. ▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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