UPSC GEOGRAPHY

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◇ Igneous rocks do not have strata like sedimentary rocks. ◇ Since water does not penetrate the rocks easily and hence igneous rocks are less affected by chemical weathering but basalts are very easily weathered and eroded away when they come in constant touch with water. ◇ Igneous rocks do not contain fossils because (i) when the ancient igneous rocks were formed due to cooling and solidification of molten rock materials at the time of the origin of the earth, there was no life on newly born earth and (ii) since the igneous rocks are formed due to cooling and solidification of very hot and molten materials and hence any remains of plants or animals (fossils) are destroyed because of very high temperature. ◇ The number of joints increases upward in any igneous rock. The joints are formed due to (i) cooling and contraction, (ii) expansion and contraction during mechanical weathering, (iii) decrease in super incumbent load due to removal of materials through denudational processes and (iv) earth movement caused by isostatic disturbances. ◇ Igneous rocks are mostly associated with the volcanic activities and thus they are also called as volcanic rocks. Igneous rocks are generally found in the volcanic zones. ▪︎SOURCE - Savindra singh ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

■ CHARACTERSTICS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS #Rocks #Geomorphology ◇ The igneous rocks are roughly hard rocks and water percolates with great difficulty along the joints. ◇ Igneous rocks are granular or crystalline rocks but there are much variations in the size, form and texture of grains because these properties largely depend upon the rate and place of cooling and solidification of magmas or lavas. • when the lavas are quickly cooled down and solidified the surface of the earth, there is no sufficient time for the development of grains/crystals. • If Magmas are cooled and solidified at a very slow rate inside the earth, there is sufficient time for the full development of grains, and thus the resultant igneous rocks are characterized by coarse grains.

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