UPSC GEOGRAPHY

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■ MAGNETIC DECLINATION #Magneticfield ◇ Magnetic declination is the angle between magnetic north and true north. ◇ It is positive when the angle derived is east of the true north, and it is considered negative when the angle measured is west of the true north. 4. Importance: Ships and other long-distance means of transport that rely on the compass for navigation should do necessary corrections to account for magnetic declination at different latitudes and longitudes to stay in the right course. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ MAGNETIC DECLINATION #Magneticfield ◇ Magnetic declination is the angle between magnetic north and true north. ◇ It is positive when the angle derived is east of the true north, and it is considered negative when the angle measured is west of the true north. 4. Importance: Ships and other long-distance means of transport that rely on the compass for navigation should do necessary corrections to account for magnetic declination at different latitudes and longitudes to stay in the right course. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ NORMAL AND REVERSE FIELD #Magneticfield ◇ The Earth's field has alternated between periods of normal polarity, in which the predominant direction of the field was the same as the present direction, and reverse polarity, in which it was the opposite. ◇ In Normal Polarity, Earth’s North Magnetic Pole is the South Pole of its Magnetic Field. In Reverse Polarity, Earth’s North Magnetic Pole is the North Pole of its Magnetic Field. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ GEOMAGNETIC REVERSAL #Magneticfield ◇ A geomagnetic reversal or a reversal in earth’s magnetic field is a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged. ◇ Based on palaeomagnetism (is the study of the record of the Earth's magnetic field in rocks, sediment, or archaeological materials). ◇ It is observed that over the last 20 million years, magnetic north and south have flipped roughly every 200,000 to 300,000 years. ◇ The reversal is not literally 'periodic' as it is on the sun, whose magnetic field reverses every 11 years. ◇ The time between magnetic reversals on the Earth is sometimes as short as 10,000 years and sometimes as long as 25 million years. ◇ And the time it takes to reverse could be about a few hundred or a few thousand years. ◇ The magnetic poles emerge at odd latitudes throughout the process of the reversal. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ MAGNETIC POLES #Magneticfield ◇ A magnet's North pole is thought as the pole that is attracted by the Earth's North Magnetic Pole when the magnet is suspended so it can turn freely. ◇ Since opposite poles attract, the North Magnetic Pole of the Earth is the south pole of its magnetic field. ◇ Magnetic dipole field (simple north-south field like that of a simple bar magnet) is usually aligned fairly closely with the Earth's rotation axis; in other words, the magnetic poles are usually fairly close to the geographic poles, which is why a compass works. ◇ However, the dipole part of the field reverses after a few thousand years causing the locations of the north and south magnetic poles to switch. ◇ The terms magnetic north and magnetic south are not to be confused with geographic north and geographic south, and geomagnetic north and geomagnetic south. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes