UPSC GEOGRAPHY

■ THE WARM TEMPERATE WESTERN MARGIN CLIMATE. □ DISTRIBUTION. ◇ Confined to western portion of Continental masses, between 30° and 45° N and S of equator. ◇ This climate is due to shifting of wind belts. □ CLIMATE. ◇ A dry summer climate with off shore trades. • Summer months with high temperature ex- 76°F in Rome though highest temperature experinced in interiors of Balkan penisula. • Elsewhere in central chile, south africa and mediterranean australia due to coastal position the temperature is around 70°F. ◇ A concentration of rainfall in winter with on - shore westerlies. • Mediterranean lands receive most of the rain in winter. • Mean annual temperature is normally 25 inches. • Rain comes in heavy showers and only on a few days with bright sunny periods. ◇ Prominence of local winds around the sea. • Sirocco - This is hot, dry, dusty wind which originates in Sahara desert. • Mistral - Cold wind from north, rushing down the rhone valley in violent gusts. ▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ HOT DESERT AND MID - LATITUDE DESERT CLIMATE. □ DISTRIBUTION ◇ Desert are regions of scanty rainfall which may be hot like hot deserts of saharan type or temperate as are the mid-latitude deserts like Gobi. ◇ Aridity due to effects of off-shore Trade winds, hence called Trade wind deserts. ◇ Temperate deserts rainless because of their interior location in Temperate latitudes, well away from rain bearing winds. ◇ Major hot deserts of world are located on western coasts of Continents between 15° and 30°N and S. ◇ Example - Sahara and Australian deserts. □ CLIMATE. ◇ Rainfall • Few deserts whether hot or mid - latitude have an annual precipitation of more than 10 inches. ◇ Temperature • Average summer temperature is around 86°F. • No Cold season in Hot deserts. ◇ Vegetation • Predominant vegetation of both hot and mid-latitude deserts is Xerophytic or drought resistant scrub. • Plants exist have highly specialized means of adapting themselves to arid environment. ▪︎ SOURCE - G.C. LEONG.📕

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