UPSC GEOGRAPHY

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■ WESTERN COAST OFF-SHORE OILFIELDS. #Economicgeography #Energysources □ MUMBAI HIGH • The greatest success achieved by the ONGC with respect to offshore surveys for oil was that of Mumbai high in 1974. • It is located on the continental shelf off the coast of MH about 176km north-west of Mumbai. • Oil is taken from a depth of over 1,400m with the help of a specially designed platform known as Sagar Samrat. □ BASSEIN • Located to the south of Mumbai high, this is a recent discovery endowed with reserves which may prove to higher than those of Mumbai high. □ ALIABET • Located at Aliabet island in the Gulf of khambat about 45km of Bhavnagar. ▪︎SOURCE - D.R. Khullar ▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ WESTERN COAST OFF-SHORE OILFIELDS. #Economicgeography #Energysources □ MUMBAI HIGH • The greatest success achieved by the ONGC with respect to offshore surveys for oil was that of Mumbai high in 1974. • It is located on the continental shelf off the coast of MH about 176km north-west of Mumbai. • Oil is taken from a depth of over 1,400m with the help of a specially designed platform known as Sagar Samrat. □ BASSEIN • Located to the south of Mumbai high, this is a recent discovery endowed with reserves which may prove to higher than those of Mumbai high. □ ALIABET • Located at Aliabet island in the Gulf of khambat about 45km of Bhavnagar. ▪︎SOURCE - D.R. Khullar ▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ ON – SHORE OIL FIELDS OF WESTERN INDIA #Economicgeography #Energysources □ GUJARAT ◇ Ankleshwar • First major oil-find came in 1958 with the discovery of ankleshwar field located about 80km south of Vadodara. • pt. Jawahar lal nehru called it the fountain of Prosperity. ◇ Khambat or lunej field Oil and natural gas commission drilled test wells in 1958 at lunej near ahmedabad. ◇ Ahmedabad and Kalol field It lies about 25km north-west of Ahmedabad. This field and a part of khambat basin contain pools of heavy crude trapped in chunks of coal. □ RAJASTHAN • Inland oil discoveries made in barmer district of Rajasthan in 2004. • Two important discoveries sarswati and Rajeshwari with a total 35 million tonnes of in place oil reserves were made earlier in 2002. • Mangala oil field discovered in 2004 is the largest oil discovery since 1985. • Rajasthan became the largest on shore oil producing state of india surpassing Assam and Gujarat. ▪︎D.R. Khullar ▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ OIL FIELDS NORTH – EAST. #Economicgeography #Energysources □ ASSAM ◇ Assam is the oldest oil Producing state in India. The main oil bearing strata extend for a distance of 320 km in upper assam along the Brahmaputra valley. ◇ Digboi field 1. located in the north – east of Tipam hills in Dibrugarh district in upper assam, digboi is the oldest oil field of India. 2. Most oil is sent to refinery at Digboi. ◇ The naharkatiya field 1. It is located at a distance of 32km southwest of digboi at the left bank of burhi dihing river. 2. Oil from this area is sent to oil refineries at Noonamati in Assam and Barauni in Bihar through pipeline. ◇ The moran – Hugrijan field 1. Located about 40km south-west Naharkatiya. □ ARUNACHAL PRADESH 1. Has oil reserves at Manabhum, Kharsang and Charali. □ TRIPURA At Mamunbhanga, baramura-Deotamura subhang, Manu, Ampi bazar, amarpur-Dambura areas. □ NAGALAND Also has some oil bearing rock strata. ▪︎SOURCE - D.R. Khullar ▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ UTILISATION OF PETROLEUM #Economicgeography #Energyresources ◇ Petroleum and petroleum products are mainly used as motive power. It is a compact and convenient liquid fuel which has revolutionized transportation on land, in air and on water. ◇ It can be easily transported from producing areas to the consuming areas with the help of tankers and more conveniently, efficiently and economically by Pipelines. ▪︎SOURCES - D.R. Khullar.

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■ PETROLEUM OR MINERAL OIL. #Economicgeography #Energyresources ◇ The word petroleum has been derived from two latin words Petra – meaning rock and oleum – meaning oil. ◇ Thus petroleum is oil obtained from rocks, particularly sedimentray rocks of earth. Therefore it is also called Mineral oil. ◇ Petroleum is an inflammable liquid that is composed of hydrocarbons which constitute 90-95% of petroleum and the remaining is chiefly organic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, Sulphur and traces of organo-metallic compounds. ▪︎SOURCE - D.R. Khullar ▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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