IPA (1,2,3) st

Molisch reagent:- is used to distinguish between carbohydrates and non carbohydrate (use to detect the presence of carbohydrate) Principal:- Molisch's test, which is based on the dehydration reaction, identifie carbohydrate content. By adding concentrated H2SO4, the carbohydrates the sample are dehydrated and converted to furfural and its derivative which interact with a-naphthol forming a purple color condensation product (purple ring). Why added H2SO4 conc? _until the carbohydrate dehydrated and converted to furfural that react with alpha naphthol forming purple ring

Benedict test:- is used to identify reducing sugar that have free ketone or aldehyde functional groups Principle:- The copper sulfate (CuSO4) present in Benedict's solution reacts with electrons from the aldehyde or ketone group of the reducing sugar in an alkaline medium. Depending on the sugar content, the reducing sugar produces a green to brick-red precipitate (A greenish precipitate indicates about 0.5% concentration; yellow precipitate indicates 1% concentration; orange precipitate indicates 1.5% concentration and red precipitate indicates 2% or higher concentration.) Why the colour change? _ The color shift is caused by the reduction of copper (II) to copper (1) in the solution, that results in the formation of a red-colored precipitate. Not _The resulting precipitate is insoluble in water. Not _The alkalinity in the redox reaction solution is provided or maintained by sodium carbonate.

Molisch reagent:- is used to distinguish between carbohydrates and non carbohydrate (use to detect the presence of carbohydrate) Principal:- Molisch's test, which is based on the dehydration reaction, identifie carbohydrate content. By adding concentrated H2SO4, the carbohydrates the sample are dehydrated and converted to furfural and its derivative which interact with a-naphthol forming a purple color condensation product (purple ring). Why added H2SO4 conc? _until the carbohydrate dehydrated and converted to furfural that react with alpha naphthol forming purple ring

ً (تأشيرات المحاضرة + شرح بسيط) عن المحاضرة السادسه (عقاقير عملي) 👇👇👇 ً

" كمل المختبرين الرابع والخامس بالنسبه الي procedure اكتب حسب فهمك وعبر من عندك كل الخطوات بسيطه وكل الكلمات ماره عليكم ف عليش تخافون. اتمنالكم كل التوفيق ❤️💚. "

Identification of the anthraquinone glycoside by chromatography. Stationary phase:- silica gel Mobile phase Spray reagent that used to give colored complex and used *Nitric acid solution and heat for 10 minutes at 110 °C *5% w/v alcoholic KOH solution.

Lab 5_Identification of anthraquinone glycoside. How can you identify anthracene glycoside? _Borntrager test Principle:- based on the ability of free anthraquinone to form acolored product upon the addition of standard alkali for example KOH, NaOH or ammonia Procedure * Put 3ml of each of three fraction A,B and C in the test tube. *Add 3ml of 10% ammonia solution * Observe the color of each test tube The Result:- pink color produce which is very clear with fraction C(monoanthrone) than fraction B (dianthrone) while fraction A unhydrolyzed thus give negative result. Not:- Take 3ml of chloroform in the test tube and add 3ml of ammonia and used as control test to compare the different colors.

ً (تأشيرات المحاضرة + شرح بسيط) عن المحاضرة الخامسة (عقاقير عملي) 👇👇👇 ً

Lab 5_Identification of anthraquinone glycoside. How can you identify anthracene glycoside? _Borntrager test Principle:- based on the ability of free anthraquinone to form acolored product upon the addition of standard alkali for example KOH, NaOH or ammonia Procedure * Put 3ml of each of three fraction A,B and C in the test tube. *Add 3ml of 10% ammonia solution * Observe the color of each test tube The Result:- pink color produce which is very clear with fraction C(monoanthrone) than fraction B (dianthrone) while fraction A unhydrolyzed thus give negative result. Not:- Take 3ml of chloroform in the test tube and add 3ml of ammonia and used as control test to compare the different colors.

" طلاب صار شوي تعديل بالشرح اخر شي انتبهوا عليه. خلصت المحاضرة اتمنه تستفادون ولو بشي بسيط منه "