UPSC Geography

1 Question: Write Daily @ 10 am

*🌏SEA OF AZOV* 📍 Why in News? ✅ Ukraine has reportedly struck five ships allegedly carrying illegal cargo in the Sea of Azov, highlighting its strategic importance in the Russia–Ukraine conflict. 📍 Location ✅ Located in Eastern Europe ✅ Bordered by Russia (east) and Ukraine (north and west) ✅ Crimean Peninsula lies to its west ✅ Connected to the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait 📍 Connectivity ✅ Linked to the Atlantic Ocean via: Black Sea → Sea of Marmara → Aegean Sea → Mediterranean Sea → Atlantic Ocean 📍 Key Features ✅ Shallowest sea in the world ✅ Average depth: 7 metres (23 feet) ✅ Characterised by low salinity due to heavy freshwater inflow 📍 Major Rivers ✅ Don River ✅ Kuban River ➡️ These rivers significantly reduce the sea’s salinity. 📍 Important Geographical Feature ✅ Arabat Spit – a 113 km-long sandbar, one of the longest in Europe 📍 Major Ports ✅ Ukraine: Mariupol, Berdyansk ✅ Russia: Yeysk, Taganrog 📍 Strategic Importance ✅ Acts as a crucial maritime route for trade and energy transport ✅ Supports fisheries and regional commerce ✅ Holds significant geopolitical and military importance due to its connection with the Black Sea and proximity to conflict zones 🎯 UPSC Prelims Fact: The Sea of Azov is the world’s shallowest sea and is connected to the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait.

*🛡️Pacific Ocean* *💎Warm Currents:-* ♟️1. Kuroshio Current (Japan Current) ♟️2. North Equatorial Current ♟️3. South Equatorial Current ♟️4. East Australian Current ♟️5. Equatorial Counter Current ♟️6. Alaskan Current *💎Cold Currents:-* ♟️1. Oyashio Current ♟️2. California Current ♟️3. Peru Current (Humboldt Current) ♟️4. West Wind Drift (part of Antarctic Circumpolar Current).

*✍️प्रमुख राष्ट्रीय उद्यान / Major National Parks* ================================= *✅जिम कॉर्बेट राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Jim Corbett National Park)* ➤ राज्य: उत्तराखंड ➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1936 ➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: बंगाल टाइगर ➤ State: Uttarakhand ➤ Established: 1936 ➤ Famous Animal: Bengal Tiger *✅काजीरंगा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kaziranga National Park)* ➤ राज्य: असम ➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1905 ➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: एक सींग वाला गैंडा ➤ State: Assam ➤ Established: 1905 ➤ Famous Animal: One-horned Rhinoceros *✅रणथंभौर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Ranthambore National Park)* ➤ राज्य: राजस्थान ➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1980 ➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: टाइगर ➤ State: Rajasthan ➤ Established: 1980 ➤ Famous Animal: Tiger *✅गिर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Gir National Park)* ➤ राज्य: गुजरात ➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1965 ➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: एशियाई शेर ➤ State: Gujarat ➤ Established: 1965 ➤ Famous Animal: Asiatic Lion *✅सुंदरबन राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Sundarbans National Park)* ➤ राज्य: पश्चिम बंगाल ➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1984 ➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: रॉयल बंगाल टाइगर ➤ State: West Bengal ➤ Established: 1984 ➤ Famous Animal: Royal Bengal Tiger *✅कान्हा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kanha National Park)* ➤ राज्य: मध्य प्रदेश ➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1955 ➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: बारहसिंगा ➤ State: Madhya Pradesh ➤ Established: 1955 ➤ Famous Animal: Barasingha Tap ❤️ if this helped you!

*भारत के Seven Sister राज्य* 🌄🇮🇳 *Trick:* ATM में मीना 😄🧠 *A =* असम 🌿 *T =* त्रिपुरा 🌴 *M =* मणिपुर 🌸 *में =* मेघालय 🌧️ *मी =* मिजोरम 🌄 *ना =* नागालैंड 🏞️ *आ =* अरुणाचल प्रदेश 🌅 *Trick अच्छी लगी हो तो 👍♥️ लाइक जरुर करें*

*🛡️Countries bordering Kazakhstan* *💎Trick:-* TRUCK ♟️T- Turkmenistan ♟️R- Russia ♟️U- Uzbekistan ♟️C- China ♟️K- Kyrgyzstan

🏞️🇮🇳 *भारत की प्रमुख झीलें* 🇮🇳🏞️ 🔹 *जम्मू-कश्मीर* ➜ डल झील, वुलर झील ❄️ 🔹 *लद्दाख* ➜ पैंगोंग त्सो झील 🏔️ 🔹 *राजस्थान* ➜ सांभर, पुष्कर, जयसमंद, पिछोला 🏜️ 🔹 *ओडिशा* ➜ चिल्का झील 🦩 🔹 *मणिपुर* ➜ लोकटक झील 🌿 🔹 *केरल* ➜ वेम्बनाड, अष्टमुडी, पेरियार 🥥 🔹 *महाराष्ट्र* ➜ लोनार, शिवसागर 🌋 🔹 *मध्य प्रदेश* ➜ भोजताल, इंदिरा सागर 🌊 🔹 *आंध्र प्रदेश* ➜ कोल्लेरू, पुलिकट 🐦 🔹 *तेलंगाना* ➜ हुसैन सागर, नागार्जुन सागर 🌉 🔹 *उत्तराखंड* ➜ नैनीताल, भीमताल, सातताल, नौकुचियाताल ⛰️ 🔹 *हिमाचल प्रदेश* ➜ रेणुका, चंद्रताल, सूरजताल, गोविंद सागर ❄️ 🔹 *सिक्किम* ➜ चोलामू, त्सोमगो 🏔️ 🔹 *पंजाब* ➜ हरिके झील 🦆 🔹 *हरियाणा* ➜ सूरजकुंड 🌞 🔹 *मेघालय* ➜ उमियम झील 🌄 🔹 *कर्नाटक* ➜ उलसूर झील 🌴

*🛡️The Types of Mountain* 💎 *Based on Mode of Origin*  ♟️ *Volcanic Mountains* Formed by the eruption of magma from the Earth's crust, creating peaks like those in Hawaii and Fiji.  ♟️ *Fold Mountains* Created by the collision and folding of tectonic plates, such as the Himalayas and the Andes.  ♟️ *Block Mountains* Formed by faulting and the movement of large blocks of the Earth's crust, leading to raised or dropped sections, like the Sierra Nevada.  ♟️ *Dome Mountains* Created by magma pushing the Earth's crust upward, forming a dome-like structure, often exposed after erosion like Black Hills (US).  ♟️ *Plateau Mountains* These mountains resemble dome mountains but are formed by colliding tectonic plates pushing up the land, shaped by weathering and erosion.  💎 *Based on Period of Origin*  ♟️ *Precambrian Mountains* Precambrian mountains are ancient ranges formed during the Precambrian era (4.6 billion to 541 million years ago).    They have experienced extensive erosion and metamorphism over billions of years, leaving behind residual formations (e.g., Aravallis in India).  ♟️ *Caledonian Mountains* Formed around 430 million years ago (e.g., Appalachians). ♟️ *Hercynian Mountains* These mountains originated from the Carboniferous to Permian Period (approximately 340 million years and 225 million years) (e.g., Ural Mountains). ♟️ *Alpine Mountains* The youngest mountain systems formed during the Tertiary period(66 million years ago) (e.g., Himalayas, Alps).

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