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ABHYAS AIR VEHICLE
Successful flight test of ABHYAS - High-speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT) was today conducted by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) from the Interim Test Range, Balasore in Odisha.
ABHYAS Air Vehicle
ABHYAS is designed & developed by Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), DRDO.
The air vehicle is launched using twin underslung booster.
It is powered by a small gas turbine engine and has a MEMS-based Inertial Navigation System (INS) for navigation along with the Flight Control Computer (FCC) for guidance and control.
The vehicle is programmed for fully autonomous flight. The check out of air vehicle is done using laptop-based Ground Control Station (GCS).
During the test campaign, the user requirement of 5 km flying altitude, vehicle speed of 0.5 mach, the endurance of 30 minutes and 2g turn capability of the test vehicle were successfully achieved.
Its uses
Abhyas's radar cross-section (RCS), as well as its visual and infrared signatures, can be augmented to simulate a variety of aircraft for air-defence weapon practices.
It can also function as a jammer platform and decoy.
The HEAT system is utilized to do away with the post-launch recovery mode, which is time-consuming and difficult in a scenario as the sea.
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MSP Raised for Rabi Crops
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Agricultural Pricing
In news
Recently, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has marginally increased the Minimum Support Price (MSP) of six rabi crops for 2021-22.
Key takeaways
MSP rates were hiked for wheat, barley, gram, masoor dal (lentil), safflower, and rapeseed and mustard.
The increase in MSP is in line with the principle of fixing the MSPs at a level of at least 1.5 times of the All-India weighted average Cost of Production as announced in Union Budget 2018-19.
Important value additions
Minimum Support Price
The MSP is the rate at which the government buys grains from farmers.
It is to counter price volatility of agricultural commodities due to the factors like variation in their supply, lack of market integration and information asymmetry.
The MSP is fixed for 23 crops based on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), Ministry of Agriculture.
The Food Corporation of India (FCI), the nodal central agency of the Government of India, along with other State Agencies undertakes procurement of crops.
Do you know?
Rabi crops are agricultural crops that are sown in winter and harvested in the spring in India. Eg. Wheat, barley, mustard etc.
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PVTGs of Odisha infected with COVID-19
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Issues related to SCs & STs; Health
In news
Six members of two Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (Bondas and Didiayis) in Odisha have recently contracted Covid-19.
The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes has sought a report from the state government and has termed it a “matter of grave concern”.
Important value additions
Bondas and Didiayis Tribes
They are found in the Malkangiri district of Odisha
The Bondas are believed to have come to India as part of the first wave of migration out of Africa about 60,000 years ago.
The Didayis are an Austro-Asiatic tribe.
The population of Didayis is 7,250 according to the 2011 Census.
They live in the Konda Kamberu hills of Malkangiri.
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Why Ethiopia is seven to eight years behind the rest of the world?
• Ethiopians have just entered the year 2013 as they celebrated their New Year two weeks ago.
• The Horn of Africa nation follows a calendar similar to the ancient Julian calendar, which started disappearing from the West in the 16th century.
• The world has adopted the Gregorian calendar, a calendar constituting 365 days in a year and 366 days in a leap year.
• However, Ethiopia uses the Coptic Calendar, which puts it years behind the rest of the world. The difference in year numbering is believed to be because the Ethiopian Orthodox Church disagrees with the Roman Catholic Church about when Christ was born.
• A year in the Ethiopian calendar is 13 months long, with 12 months of 30 days each. The last month has five days in a common year and six days during a leap year.
Understanding the opposition of farmers to agriculture Bills
The article analyses the issue of farmers opposition to the three agricultural bills.
Context
Farmers have been protesting against the three bills related to agriculture.
These three Bills are-
1) The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020
2) The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill, 2020.
3) The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2020.
What are the aims of the bills?
The Bills aim to do away with government interference in agricultural trade by creating trading areas outside the structure of Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs).
One of the bills aims at removing restrictions of private stockholding (under Essential Commodities Act 1955) of agricultural produce.
One of the bills deals with the regulation of contract farming.
Issues with the Bills
The government has failed to hold any discussion with the various stakeholders including farmers and middlemen.
The attempt to pass the Bills without proper consultation adds to the mistrust among various stakeholders including State governments.
Farmer organisations see these Bills as an attempt to weaken the APMCs and eventual withdrawal of the Minimum Support Prices (MSP).
Farmers in Punjab and Haryana have genuine concern about the continuance of the MSP-based public procurement given the large-scale procurement operations in these States.
Understanding the role of APMC
APMCs do play an important role of price discovery essential for agricultural trade and production choices.
The middlemen are a part of the larger ecosystem of agricultural trade, with deep links between farmers and traders.
The preference for corporate interests at the cost of farmers' interests and a lack of regulation in these non-APMC mandis are cause for concern.
To understand the role of APMC, consider the example of Bihar.
After Bihar abolished APMCs in 2006, farmers in Bihar on average received lower prices compared to the MSP for most crops.
Despite the shortcomings and regional variations, farmers still see the APMCmandisas essential to ensuring the survival of MSP regime.
Conclusion
The protests by farmers are essentially a reflection of the mistrust between farmers and the stated objective of these reforms.
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