AMALINA NOTES

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📌 Senarai Anxiety Disorders (ikut DSM-5) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Specific Phobia Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) Separation Anxiety Disorder Selective Mutism ⸻ 🧠 Cara Diagnos (Step by step klinikal) 1. 🪪 Confirm symptom utama: ANXIETY Tanya: Rasa risau berlebihan? Susah kawal worry? Ada simptom fizikal: berdebar sesak nafas tremor sweating sakit dada rasa nak pengsan 👉 Kalau tiada anxiety → bukan anxiety disorder ⸻ 2. ⏳ Tempoh simptom GAD → ≥ 6 bulan Panic disorder → recurrent panic attack + worry ≥ 1 bulan Phobia/social anxiety → ≥ 6 bulan Separation anxiety → ≥ 4 minggu (kanak-kanak), ≥ 6 bulan (dewasa) ⸻ 3. 🎯 Trigger / situasi spesifik Ini paling penting untuk differentiate: Diagnosis Clue utama GAD Worry banyak benda (general) Panic disorder Panic attack tiba-tiba, unexpected Agoraphobia Takut tempat susah lari (mall, bas, crowd) Specific phobia Takut objek spesifik (ular, flight, darah) Social anxiety Takut dinilai orang Separation anxiety Takut berpisah dgn attachment figure Selective mutism Tak bercakap dalam situasi sosial tertentu ⸻ 4. ⚠️ Assess impairment Ganggu kerja? Ganggu hubungan? Elak situasi? 👉 Wajib ada functional impairment ⸻ 5. 🚫 Rule out differential Jangan terus label: Medical: hyperthyroidism arrhythmia Substance: caffeine stimulant Psychiatric: Major Depressive Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ⸻ 6. 🧪 Guna screening tool (optional tapi membantu) GAD-7 HADS-A DASS ⸻ 🧩 Contoh cara fikir (exam / klinik) 👉 Patient: Risau pasal kerja, kesihatan, keluarga Dah >6 bulan Ada insomnia + muscle tension ➡️ Diagnosis: GAD ⸻ 👉 Patient: Tiba-tiba berdebar, rasa nak mati Episode berulang + takut jadi lagi ➡️ Diagnosis: Panic Disorder ⸻ 👉 Patient: Takut present depan orang, elak meeting ➡️ Diagnosis: Social Anxiety Disorder ⸻ 🧠 Cara mudah ingat (pattern recognition) General → GAD Attack → Panic Place → Agoraphobia Object → Specific phobia People → Social anxiety Attachment → Separation anxiety Speech → Selective mutism

Common symptoms remaja

Common mental health remaja