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28. A chromosome with a centromere in the middle is called:

27. What substance mainly composes the bacterial cell wall?

26. How is an organism with two identical alleles described?

25. What leads to the proliferation of diseases like malaria and dengue?

24. Which of the following statements about fungal diseases is incorrect?

23. An economical product of algae used to solidify nutrient media:

22. What are the adsorption organs of a bacteriophage?

21. Algae lacking flagella in their male gametes belong to:

20. Which six-carbon sugar serves as the foundation of all food material and the starting point for energy production?

19. The optimum temperature range for photosynthesis is:

18. Algae appear in different colors due to the presence of:

17. What is the characteristic appearance of bacterial colonies that lack a capsule?

16. In his famous experiments demonstrating genetic transformation, the scientist Frederick Griffith used:

15. Woody or herbaceous plants that live for several years and continue to grow and flower for multiple seasons are:

14. Which of the following plant groups is considered the primary source for most medicinal plants used in agriculture and traditional herbal medicine?

13. These are flattened leaf-like stems that perform photosynthesis:

12. Saturated fats contain:

11. Bacterial cells that lack the fertility factor (F factor) and act as recipient cells are designated:

10. Which part of the plant contains intercalary meristems?

9. When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it becomes: