ð»ðð ððâð ðððð ððð ðð ð ðððððð ð ððððð ð©º
ååŸé¢éåš Telegram
٠٠سÙ٠طرÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙØªÙ س ÙÙ٠عÙÙ ÙØ§ سÙÙ٠اÙÙÙ Ù٠ؚ٠طرÙÙÙØ§ Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¬ÙØ© ðððð ðððð ððð âðððððð ð ððððð. ðºððð ð ⢠ð°ðððððð â¢ð®ððð ⢠ðŽðð ðððððð©ºâš
æŸç€ºæŽå€æªæå®åœå®¶æªæå®ç±»å«
440
订é
è
æ æ°æ®24 å°æ¶
+27 倩
+1630 倩
åžååæ¡£
ð§¬ð©ž âð ðŠðð¥: 4000â11,000 / mm³ ð¯ ðœðŠððð¥ðð ð: Defense against infectionWBCSummary
âïž ððªð¡ðð€:ð¹Neutrophils (60%) â Ø£ÙÙÙ Ø¯ÙØ§Ø¹ ضد Ø§ÙØšÙØªÙØ±Ùا (Phagocytosis) ð¹Eosinophils (3%) â Ø·ÙÙÙÙØ§Øª + تÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØØ³Ø§Ø³ÙØ© ð¹Basophils (1%) â ØªÙرز Histamine (ØØ³Ø§Ø³ÙØ©) ð¹Lymphocytes (30%) â Ù ÙØ§Ø¹Ø© Ù ÙØªØ³ØšØ© (B & T) ð¹Monocytes (6%) â ØªØªØÙÙ Macrophages (Ø£ÙÙÙ ØšÙØ¹Ù Ø©)
ð§ ðððª âð ððð¥ð€:ðžNeutrophils = Ø³Ø±ÙØ¹ ðžMacrophages = ÙÙÙ ðžLymphocytes = ذÙÙ
ð âðððððð€:ð¹Leukocytosis â â Ø¹Ø¯ÙÙ ð¹Leukopenia â â ÙÙØµ Ù ÙØ§Ø¹Ø© ð¹Leukemia â Ø³Ø±Ø·Ø§Ù ð¹Agranulocytosis â ÙØŽÙ ÙØ®Ø§Ø¹
ð¥ ððððððððð¥ðð ð:Redness + Swelling ؚسؚؚ Histamine
ð¡ïž ð»ððððð€ð ðð£ððð£:1. Macrophages 2. Neutrophils 3. Monocytes
âš Final Line (تØÙØž ؚسرعة): WBC = Fast (Neutrophils) + Strong (Macrophages) + Smart (Lymphocytes)
إذا عجزت Ø¹Ù Ø£Ø°ÙØ§Ø± Ø§ÙØµØšØ§Ø ÙØ§Ù٠ساء ÙÙØ§ تعجز Ø¹Ù ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø°Ùار Ø§ÙØ«Ùاث ØµØšØ§ØØ§Ù Ù٠ساءÙ:
1-ؚس٠اÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ§ ÙØ¶Ø± ٠ع Ø§Ø³Ù Ù ØŽÙØ¡ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø¶ ÙÙØ§ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ³Ù اء ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ³Ù ÙØ¹ Ø§ÙØ¹ÙÙÙ "Ø«ÙØ§Ø«Ùا". â2-Ø£Ø¹ÙØ° ØšÙÙ٠ات اÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ§Ù ات ٠٠؎ر ٠ا Ø®ÙÙ "Ø«ÙØ§Ø«Ùا". â3-Ø±Ø¶ÙØª ؚاÙÙÙ Ø±ØšÙØ§ ÙØšØ§ÙØ¥Ø³ÙØ§Ù دÙÙÙØ§ ÙØšÙ ØÙ د ï·º رسÙÙØ§Ù "Ø«ÙØ§Ø«Ùا".ð
https://t.me/c/3469244596/650
ØªÙØ¶ÙÙ ÙÙØ§ تÙÙÙ Ø§Ø³ØŠÙØ© Ø§ÙØ³ÙÙØ§Øª
𩞠Romeo â Hemostasis Quick Guide
Why blood stays fluid? Endothelium + PGIâ + Anticoagulants
𧬠Clot breakdown: Plasmin â Fibrin â FDP
𧪠Tests: Bleeding time â Platelets PT â Vitamin K (Extrinsic) APTT â Hemophilia (Intrinsic)
â ïž Disorders: Purpura â â Bleeding time Hemophilia â â APTT Vit K deficiency â â PT vWD â â Bleeding time + APTT
ð§ Romeoâs Shortcut:
PT ð = Vitamin K
APTT 𧬠= Hemophilia
BT 𩞠= Platelets
+3
Romeo â Hemostasis Ù
ÙØ®ØµHemostasis â Final Revision
1. Natural Anticoagulant Mechanisms
(ÙÙØŽ Ø§ÙØ¯Ù
Ù
ا ÙØªØ¬ÙØ·ØŽ Ø¯Ø§Ø®Ù Ø§ÙØ£ÙØ¹ÙØ©Ø)
A- ðŒððð ð¥ðððððŠð:
ðžSmooth surface â prevents activation of intrinsic pathway
Ø§ÙØ³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙØ£Ù
ÙØ³ â ÙÙ
ÙØ¹ ØªÙØŽÙØ· اÙÙ
سار Ø§ÙØ¯Ø§Ø®ÙÙ
ðžNegative charge layer â repel platelets & clotting factors
ØŽØÙØ© Ø³Ø§ÙØšØ© â ØªØ·Ø±Ø¯ Ø§ÙØµÙØ§ØŠØ ÙØ¹ÙاÙ
Ù Ø§ÙØªØ¬ÙØ·
ðžProstacyclin (PGIâ) â inhibits platelet aggregation
ØšØ±ÙØ³ØªØ§Ø³ÙÙÙÙÙ â ÙÙ
ÙØ¹ تجÙ
ع Ø§ÙØµÙا؊Ø
ðžThrombomodulin + Thrombin â activates Protein C
ثرÙÙ
ØšÙØ¯ÙÙÙÙÙ Ù
ع Ø§ÙØ«Ø±ÙÙ
ØšÙÙ â ÙÙØ¹ÙÙ ØšØ±ÙØªÙÙ C (Ù
ضاد تخثر)
B- ð¹ðð ð ð ðððð¥ð ð£ð€:
ðžContinuous blood flow â prevents accumulation of factors
Ø¬Ø±ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ¯Ù
اÙÙ
ستÙ
ر â ÙÙ
ÙØ¹ تراÙÙ
Ø¹ÙØ§Ù
Ù Ø§ÙØªØ¬ÙØ·
ðžHeparin (mast cells, basophils) â anticoagulant
اÙÙÙØšØ§Ø±ÙÙ â Ù
ضاد تخثر ÙÙÙ
ðžAntithrombin III â inhibits thrombin + IX, X, XI
Ù
ضاد Ø§ÙØ«Ø±ÙÙ
ØšÙÙ III â ÙÙÙÙ Ø¹ÙØ§Ù
Ù Ø§ÙØªØ¬ÙØ·
ðžProtein C & S â inhibit V & VIII + activate fibrinolysis
ØšØ±ÙØªÙÙ C Ù S â ÙÙÙÙÙØ§ V Ù VIII + ÙÙØŽØ·Ùا إذاؚة Ø§ÙØ¬Ùطة
ðžÎ±2 macroglobulin â inhibits thrombin
Ø£ÙÙØ§ 2 Ù
Ø§ÙØ±ÙغÙÙØšÙÙÙÙ â ÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ«Ø±ÙÙ
ØšÙÙ
2. Fibrinolysis (إذاؚة Ø§ÙØ¬Ùطة)
Plasminogen â Plasmin (active)
ØšÙØ§Ø²Ù
ÙÙÙØ¬ÙÙ â ØšÙازÙ
ÙÙ
ðžðð¥ðð§ðð¥ðð ððª:
tissue activators
thrombin
factor XII
ÙÙÙØ¹Ù ØšÙØ§Ø³Ø·Ø© Ø§ÙØ£Ùسجة ÙØ§ÙثرÙÙ
ØšÙÙ ÙØ§ÙعاÙ
Ù 12
Plasmin breaks fibrin â FDP
Ø§ÙØšÙازÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙØ³Ø± اÙÙÙØšØ±ÙÙ â ÙÙØ§ØªØ¬ Ù
ضادة ÙÙØªØ¬ÙØ·
â
Ù
ÙÙ
: ÙÙØªØ Ø§ÙØ£ÙØ¹ÙØ© ؚعد Ù
ا تتÙÙÙ ØšØ§ÙØ¬Ùطة
𧪠3. Tests of Hemostasis
ð¹ Bleeding Time (1â5 min)
âððð¥ðððð¥ ððŠððð¥ðð ð
ÙØžÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØµÙا؊Ø
â¬ïž ÙØ·ÙÙ ÙÙ: Purpura / Von Willebrand
ð¹ Clotting Time (5â10 min)
ðžIntrinsic pathway
اÙÙ
سار Ø§ÙØ¯Ø§Ø®ÙÙ
ð¹ PT (10â14 sec)
ðžExtrinsic pathway
اÙÙ
سار Ø§ÙØ®Ø§Ø±Ø¬Ù
â¬ïž ÙØ·ÙÙ ÙÙ:
Vitamin K deficiency
Warfarin
ð¹ APTT (30â40 sec)
Intrinsic pathway
اÙÙ
سار Ø§ÙØ¯Ø§Ø®ÙÙ
â¬ïž ÙØ·ÙÙ ÙÙ:
Hemophilia
Heparin
â ïž 4. Disorders of Hemostasis
ðŽ A- âðªð¡ðð£ðð ðððŠððððð (ØªØ¬ÙØ· زا؊د)
ðžCauses:
Venous stasis (ÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØØ±ÙØ©)
رÙÙØ¯ Ø§ÙØ¯Ù
Endothelial damage (atherosclerosis)
تÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£ÙØ¹ÙØ©
Blood Ù
؎اÙÙ:
Polycythemia (ÙØ²Ùجة عاÙÙØ©)
â Platelets
ÙÙØµ Protein C / S / ATIII
ðžComplications:
Thrombus â Ø«Ø§ØšØª
Ø¬ÙØ·Ø© ثاؚتة
Embolus â Ù
ØªØØ±Ù
Ø¬ÙØ·Ø© Ù
ØªØØ±ÙØ©
â Ø§ÙاثÙÙÙ â Ischemia (ÙÙØµ Ø§ÙØ¯Ù
)
ðµ B- âðªð¡ð ðð ðððŠððððð (ÙØ²ÙÙ)
ð£ 1. Purpura
â Platelets
ÙÙØµ Ø§ÙØµÙا؊Ø
Bleeding time â ÙÙØ·
زÙ
٠اÙÙØ²Ù ÙØ·ÙÙ ÙÙØ·
ð£ 2. Hemophilia
ÙØ±Ø§Ø«Ù (X-linked) â ÙØµÙØš Ø§ÙØ°ÙÙØ±
Types:
A â factor VIII
B â factor IX
C â factor XI
ð Ø§ÙÙØªØ§ØŠØ¬:
Bleeding time = normal
PT = normal
APTT â + Clotting time â
ð£ 3. Vitamin K deficiency
ÙÙØµ: II, VII, IX, X
ð Ø§ÙÙØªØ§ØŠØ¬:
Bleeding time = normal
PT â (Ø§ÙØ£ÙÙ
)
Clotting time â
ð Ø§ÙØ£Ø³ØšØ§Øš:
Antibiotics
Newborns
Liver disease
Obstructive jaundice
ð£ 4. Von Willebrand Disease
ÙÙØµ VWF
ð Ø§ÙÙØªØ§ØŠØ¬:
Bleeding time â
APTT â
PT = normal
ð¥ Exam Traps (Ù ÙÙ Ø¬Ø¯ÙØ§)ðžPT Ø·ÙÙÙ â ÙÙØ± ÙÙ Vitamin K ðžAPTT Ø·ÙÙÙ â Hemophilia ðžBleeding time Ø·ÙÙÙ â Platelets problem ðžÙÙÙÙ Ø·ØšÙØ¹ÙÙÙ Ø¥ÙØ§ bleeding â Purpura
+1
Good morning everyoneð
Ø ÙØ²Ù ع Ø§ÙØ¹ÙاÙÙÙ ÙØ§Ø¯Ù
ؚعد ØŽÙÙ ØØªÙ ÙÙ
ÙØªØšØ¹Ùا HemostasisðÙØ§ ٠اÙÙÙ Ø£Ù Ø±Ù Ø£ÙØ§ ÙØ³ØªÙ Ø£Ù ÙÙÙ Ø¥ÙØ§ ؚاؚÙÙ ÙØ§Ø³ØªØ¬ÙØš.ð
اÙÙÙ٠اÙ٠أسأÙ٠تÙÙÙÙØ§Ù Ù٠طرÙÙÙ ÙØ±Ø§ØØ© ÙÙ ÙÙØ³Ù ÙØªÙØ³ÙØ±Ø§Ù Ù٠ا٠ر٠رؚ٠اÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ Ø£Ø¹ÙØ° ؚ٠٠٠؎تات Ø§ÙØ£Ù ر Ù٠س Ø§ÙØ¶Ø± ÙØ¶ÙÙ Ø§ÙØµØšØ±... ð€
