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![𝐌𝐂𝐐 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐲 [𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩𝟏 𝐌𝐞𝐝]🫀🩺🥼](https://cdn.tlmtr.io/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.telemetr.io%2Fc%2F4fVOCM%2F5938528740927278745%3Fty%3Dx&w=64&q=75){kind=small}
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[5] All of the following structure crosses over the left ureter except:
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[3] The most important factor in fixation of the kidney in its position is:
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[2] The anterior relations of the right kidney includes all of the following except:
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[1] The kidneys extend between:
🟡 Terms of Movements:
🔵 Flexion (الانثناء): An angular movement that bends a joint, bringing the connected parts closer together.
🔵 Extension (الإستلقاء): The straightening of a part of a limb.
🔵 Abduction (التبعيد): Movement of a limb or part away from the median plane (الخط الأوسط للجسم).
🔵 Adduction (التقريب): Movement of a limb or part toward the median plane (الخط الأوسط للجسم).
🔵Rotation (الدوران): A turning movement of the body or a part around its long axis. This can be medial (inward) or lateral (outward) rotation.
🔵 Circumduction (الدوران المحيطي): A circular movement of a limb or part, achieved through a sequence of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.
🔵 Pronation (الكب): Rotation of the forearm to make the palm face backward or downward when the arm is extended at a right angle.
🔵 Supination (البسط): Rotation of the forearm to make the palm face forward or upward.
🔵 Inversion (القلب للداخل): Turning the foot inward, elevating its inner margin, and directing the sole medially.
🔵 Eversion (القلب للخارج): Turning the foot outward, elevating its outer margin, and directing the sole laterally.
🔵 Protraction (الامتداد للأمام): A forward projection movement.
🔵 Retraction (الامتداد للخلف): A backward, or reversed protraction, movement.
🔵 Gliding (الانزلاق): An easy, smooth, effortless, and continuous sliding movement.
🔴 Anatomical Terms 🔴To precisely describe locations, directions, and movements, specific anatomical terms are used:
🟠 Terms of Positions 🟠🟠 Anatomical position (الوضع التشريحي): The standard reference position. The body is erect, eyes look forward horizontally, upper limbs are straight at the sides with palms facing forward, thumbs directed laterally, and feet are close together with toes pointing forward. 🟠 Supine position (وضع الاستلقاء): The body lies on its back, with the face looking upwards. 🟠 Prone position (وضع الانبطاح): The body lies face down.
🟢Terms of Planes 🟢🟢 Median or Sagittal plane (المستوى السهمي/الوسطي): Divides the body into two equal right and left halves. 🟢 Parasagittal plane (المستوى المجاور للسهمي): Any plane parallel to the median plane. 🟢 Coronal or Frontal plane (المستوى الإكليلي/الأمامي): Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. 🟢 Transverse plane (المستوى المستعرض): A plane that lies at right angles to the vertical planes or the long axis of a part. 🟢 Horizontal plane (المستوى الأفقي): Any plane parallel to the ground, dividing the body into upper and lower parts.
🔵 Terms of Relations (Directional Terms) 🔵🔵 Anterior (Ventral) (أمامي/بطني): Towards the front of the body. 🔵 Posterior (Dorsal) (خلفي/ظهري): Towards the back of the body. 🔵 Superior (Cranial/Cephalic) (علوي/رأسي): Towards the head. 🔵 Inferior (Caudal/Tail) (سفلي/ذيلي): Towards the feet. 🔵 Medial (إنسي): Towards the median (midline) plane of the body. 🔵 Lateral (وحشي): Away from the median plane of the body. 🔵 Intermediate (بيني): Located between two other structures. 🔵 Ipsilateral (متماثل الجانب): On the same side of the body. 🔵 Contra-lateral (متقابل الجانب): On the opposite side of the body. 🔵 Superficial (سطحي): Closer to the surface of the body. 🔵 Deep (عميق): Away from the surface of the body. 🔵 Central (مركزي): Towards the center of the body. 🔵 Peripheral (محيطي): Away from the center of the body.
🟣 Terms Used in Limbs 🟣🟣 Proximal (قريب): Nearer to the trunk. 🟣 Distal (بعيد): Away from the trunk. 🟣 Preaxial border: In the upper limb, this is the outer (radial) border. In the lower limb, it is the inner (tibial) border. 🟣 Postaxial border: In the upper limb, this is the inner (ulnar) border. In the lower limb, it is the outer (fibular) border. 🟣 Flexor (preaxial) surface: Refers to the anterior surface in the upper limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb. 🟣 Extensor (postaxial) surface: Refers to the posterior surface in the upper limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb. 🟣 Palmar (Volar) (راحية): Towards the palm of the hand. 🟣Plantar (أخمصية): Towards the sole of the foot.
🟡 Terms Used in Cavities or Hollow Organs 🟡🟡Exterior (خارجي): Outer. 🟡 Interior (داخلي): Inner. 🟡 Evagination (انبعاج للخارج): An outward protrusion. 🟡 Invagination (انغماد للداخل): An inward protrusion.
🔴Anatomy 🔴Ana = up Tom = Cutting
🔴 Human Anatomy (علم التشريح البشري):This is the scientific study of the structure , arrangement , and geography of the human body.
⚫ Methods Used in the Study of Anatomy Anatomy can be studied through various approaches:
🟠 Gross Anatomy (التشريح العياني)Also called "macro- or morphological anatomy," this involves studying the body's structures visible to the naked eye, often using dissection of cadavers.
🔴Regional (Topographical) Anatomy (التشريح الموضعي)Involves dissecting and studying the body part-by-part and region-by-region (e.g., head, neck, thorax, abdomen, limbs).
🔴 Systemic Anatomy (التشريح الجهازي):Focuses on studying the body system-by-system.
🟠 Microscopic Anatomy (التشريح المجهري):The study of cellular and fine structures using microscopes (light and electron).
🟠Developmental Anatomy (التشريح النمائي):Examines the development and growth of the human body both before and after birth.
⚫ Embryology (علم الأجنة):Focuses on developmental changes, body maturation, and potential abnormal changes *before* birth.
⚫ Postnatal Development:Covers the growth and maturation of the body *after* birth, up to the adult stage.
🟠 Surface Anatomy (التشريح السطحي):Involves studying the position and outlines of internal structures in relation to the external surface of the body.
🟠Radiological Anatomy (التشريح الإشعاعي):Studies body parts and organs using X-rays,
🟠 Cross-sectional Anatomy (التشريح المقطعي):Focuses on the structure and arrangement of body parts as seen in cross-sections or slices.
🟠Applied Anatomy (التشريح التطبيقي):Involves applying anatomical knowledge to clinical medical fields (e.g., general medicine, surgery, neurology) to aid in diagnosis and treatment.
🟠Experimental Anatomy (التشريح التجريبي):Investigates changes in body structure and function due to specific factors, typically conducted on experimental animals.
🟠 Comparative Anatomy (التشريح المقارن):Compares the structure, development, and function of animal kingdom parts or organs to their homologous counterparts in humans.
🟠 Anthropology (علم الإنسان):The science that studies racial differences and characteristics of humans.
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MedPulse 🫀 | 🇵🇸 نبض الطب
39- The epidermis is composed of:
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38. Vitamin produced by the skin is:
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37. Body temperature is regulated mainly by the:
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36. One function of sweat glands is:
