𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞🩺🩺

Important anatomical terminology of movements General Joint Movements Flexion: A movement that decreases the joint angle between two bones or body parts. Example: Bending your elbow or knee. Extension: A movement that increases the joint angle, typically straightening a body part. Example: Straightening your arm or leg out from a bent position. Rotation: The turning of a body part around its long axis. It can be medial (inward) or lateral (outward). Example: Turning your head from side to side to say "no". Circumduction: A compound, circular movement where the far end of a limb moves in a circle while the joint end stays stationary. It combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Example: Moving your arm in a massive circle at the shoulder joint. Midline Movements Abduction: Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. Example: Raising your arms out to the sides like wings. Adduction: Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body. Example: Bringing your arms back down to rest against your sides. Vertical Movements Elevation: Movement of a structure in a superior (upward) direction. Example: Shrugging your shoulders upward. Depression: Movement of a structure in an inferior (downward) direction. Example: Dropping your shoulders back down after a shrug. Foot & Ankle Specific Movements Inversion: Turning the foot so that the sole faces inward, toward the midline of the body. Example: Tilting your ankle so you can look at a bug stuck to the bottom of your shoe. Eversion: Turning the foot so that the sole faces outward, away from the midline of the body. Example: Tilting the foot so your weight shifts heavily onto the inner edge of the foot. Dorsiflexion: Bending the ankle joint so that the top of the foot moves upward toward the shin. Example: Walking on your heels with your toes pointed up. Plantar flexion: Bending the ankle joint so that the sole of the foot moves downward. Example: Standing up on your tiptoes or pressing down on a car gas pedal. Forearm Movements Pronation: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward or backward. Example: Typing on a computer keyboard. Supination: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward or forward. Example: Holding a bowl of soup in your hand. Thumb Special Movements Opposition: The movement that brings the tip of the thumb to touch the tip of another finger on the same hand. Example: Pinching an object or making an "OK" sign with your hand. Reposition: The movement that returns the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger. Example: Flattening your hand back out after making a fist. Jaw & Scapula Movements Protraction: The forward (anterior) movement of a body part parallel to the ground. Example: Jutting your lower jaw straight out to give yourself an underbite. Retrusion (Retraction): The backward (posterior) movement of a body part parallel to the ground. Example: Pulling your lower jaw straight back toward your neck. Embryological & Tissue Formations Invagination: The process of a surface or tissue layer folding inward to form a pocket, pouch, or cavity. Example: Pressing your finger into a soft, deflated balloon. In biology, this occurs during early embryo development (gastrulation). Evagination: The process of a surface or tissue layer turning inside out or protruding outward to form a bulge. Example: Blowing into a glove so that the fingers pop outward. Share 👇👇👇 https://t.me/medschool4