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🦠 Whooping Cough (Pertussis) 🫁 🧠 Definition A highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. 🧬 Mechanism of Disease The bacteria adhere to the respiratory epithelium and secrete Pertussis toxin → causing damage to the cilia and increased secretions → severe and recurrent coughing fits. ⚠️ Symptoms – Stages 1️⃣ Catarrhal stage Rhinorrhea Mild cough Low-grade fever 2️⃣ Paroxysmal stage Recurrent and severe coughing fits Inspiratory whoop 🗣️ Vomiting after coughing (Post-tussive vomiting) 3️⃣ Convalescent stage The severity of the cough gradually decreases and may last for weeks. 👶 Important Information: Infants may not develop whooping cough; instead, they may develop apnea. 🧪 Diagnosis Nasopharyngeal PCR → Most commonly used. Culture on Bordet-Gengou/Regan-Lowe agar. 💊 Treatment 🥇 Azithromycin is often the preferred treatment. It is given early to reduce transmission. 🛡️ Prevention 💉 DTaP for children 💉 Tdap for adolescents, adults, and pregnant women according to the vaccination schedule. #Pediatrics

▎Causes of Short Stature ▎1. Variations of Normal • Constitutional (Delayed bone age) • Genetic (Familial short stature) ▎2. Endocrine Disorders • Growth Hormone (GH) deficiency • Laron dwarfism (Increased GH and decreased IGF-1) • Hypothyroidism • Glucocorticoid excess ▎3. Skeletal Dysplasia ▎4. Metabolic Diseases ▎5. Syndromes Associated with Short Stature ▎6. Chronic Diseases #pediatrics

📝😎 ‏▎Assessment of a Child for Heart Disease - Nadas Criteria ‏Major Criteria: ‏1. Systolic murmur grade III or more ‏2. Diastolic murmur ‏3. Cyanosis ‏4. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) ‏Minor Criteria: ‏1. Systolic murmur less than grade III ‏2. Abnormal second heart sound (HS) ‏3. Abnormal ECG ‏4. Abnormal X-ray ‏5. Abnormal blood pressure (BP) ‏*(1 major or 2 minor criteria indicate potential heart disease)* #pediatrics

Measles #pediatric

Meningitis #pediatric

➖➖➖➖➖🔳➖➖➖➖➖ ⚪️ diagnosis Diphtheria due to Corynebacterium diphtheria ⚪️ Treatment ◾️Hospitalisation and isolation. ◾️Antitoxic serum➡️Dose(40,000-100,000 IU) IM or IV (double this dose in severe cases). - Given once the diagnosis is suspected. - Pre-test should be done (0.05 ml injected intradermal - In Hypersensitivity→use sheep's serum (not hoarse serum) →or Hyposensitization. →cortisone and antihistaminics. ◾️antibiotics➡️ penicillin or Erythromycin . ◾️treatment for complication➡️ - Laryngeal obstruction → Tracheostomy. - Palatal, pharyngeal and oesophageal paralysis →Nasogastric tube. - Respiratory paralysis → Artificial respiration ➖➖➖➖➖🔳➖➖➖➖➖

➖➖➖➖➖🔳➖➖➖➖➖ 🟠 koplik spots peculiar spots present on the buccal mucosa and are considered a diagnostic/pathognomic feature of measles/rubeola in the pre-eruptive stage.  ➖➖➖➖➖🔳➖➖➖➖➖

Cleft lip & Cleft palate Pediatrics

📌 ازاي تاخد History لحالة Fever في طفل عمره أقل من 6 شهور 👶💦 1️⃣ Duration of fever ➜ علشان أعرف إذا كانت acute ولا prolonged fever. 2️⃣ Associated symptoms ➜ زي cough, vomiting, diarrhea, poor feeding, rash, irritability علشان أحدد الـ system involved. 3️⃣ Feeding & activity ➜ أي poor feeding أو lethargy خطر جدًا في السن ده. 4️⃣ Urine output & color ➜ لاستبعاد UTI أو dehydration. 5️⃣ Contact history ➜ لو حد مريض في البيت أو في المحيط القريب. 6️⃣ Perinatal history ➜ (طريقة الولادة – أي مشاكل بعد الولادة – دخول حضّانة) لأنها بتأثر على الـ immunity. 7️⃣ Vaccination history ➜ هل أخذ تطعيماته في ميعادها ولا لأ. 8️⃣ Drug history ➜ هل أخذ خافض حرارة قبل الكشف؟ وجرعته؟ 9️⃣ Red flag symptoms ⚠️ ➜ persistent vomiting, irritability, poor cry, cyanosis, bulging fontanelle, convulsion. 📍 أي رضيع أقل من 3 شهور عنده حرارة لازم يُفحص في المستشفى ويُستبعد serious bacterial infection (SBI) زي sepsis, meningitis, UTI, pneumonia.

‏"زيِّنوا ليلة الجمعة بالصلاة على النَّبِيِّ" ألا يڪفيك أن الله ﷻ يصلي عليك عشرًا إذا صليت على النبي مرة ﷺ! - اللهمَّ صلِّ وسلم على سيدنا محمدٍ وعلى آلهِ وصحبهِ أجمعين🤍.

📝Diagnosis of DKA in Children  📝• Hyperglycemia (blood glucose >200 mg/dL or >11 mmol/L). 📝• Venous pH <7.3 or serum bicarbonate <18 mmol/L 📝• Ketonemia (blood β-hydroxybutyrate ≥3 mmol/L or moderate or large ketonuria [≥2+] #pediatrics

📝😎 ‏▎Assessment of a Child for Heart Disease - Nadas Criteria ‏Major Criteria: ‏1. Systolic murmur grade III or more ‏2. Diastolic murmur ‏3. Cyanosis ‏4. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) ‏Minor Criteria: ‏1. Systolic murmur less than grade III ‏2. Abnormal second heart sound (HS) ‏3. Abnormal ECG ‏4. Abnormal X-ray ‏5. Abnormal blood pressure (BP) ‏*(1 major or 2 minor criteria indicate potential heart disease)* #pediatrics

خماسية فالوت ▎Pentalogy of Fallot 1. Overriding Aorta 2. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy 3. Stenosis in Right Ventricular Outflow 4. Large Ventricular Septal Defect 5. Atrial Septal Defect #pediatrics

ثلاثية فالوت ▎Trilogy of Fallot 1. Atrial Septal Defect 2. Pulmonary Stenosis 3. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy #pediatrics

📝 ▎Tetralogy of Fallot (رباعية فالوت) 1. Overriding Aorta 2. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy 3. Stenosis in Right Ventricular Outflow 4. Large Ventricular Septal Defect ▎Symptoms and Signs: اربع 1. Cyanosis 2. Clubbing 3. Polycythemia 4. Cyanotic Spells #pediatrics

معلومة ذهبية 🥇👑📝 📝Insulin therapy in DKA (Pediatric)  📝• Which insulin? Regular Insulin continuous intravenous infusion. 📝• When to start? 1-2 hours after starting IV fluids and after confirming serum potassium level is >3.0 mmol/L (potassium replacement should begin first if levels are lower). 📝• Dose: 0.05 - 0.1 U/kg/hr as a continuous infusion. #pediatrics

🧩 Medical Mnemonics 🏥 ​When does a pediatric head trauma patient need a head CT❓ Remember BRAIN SCAN 🧠 #Clinical_surgery  〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰 ©

مشاركة الزميل المبدع #أحمد_سند