AM | moodツ.

حولوھ لزملائكم لكي يستفيد غيركم. فرصة ذهبية، لطلاب الجامعات. مقدمة من شركة google.

- اخيراً لطلاب الجامعات، اشتراك مجااني لمدة سنة gemini، اهم شرط، تثبت لهم انك طالب جامعي. - الرابط: ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️ ◇ https://one.google.com/ai-student

_ أنا كل إختياراتي غلط، ماعدا اختياري للجامعة هذا كان أكبر غلطة.🙂💔

_ الجزء اللي ما تعرفش تذاكره ؛ احذفه ، أنت مش صغير عشان تستنى الدكتور يحذف لك .🙂💔

‏" كلُّ الصعاب بلطفِ اللهِ هيّنةٌ طمئِن فؤادكَ لا حزنٌ ولا قلقُ"💕

• “Your future self will thank you for what you do today.” «نسختك المستقبلية ستشكرك على ما تفعله اليوم.»

🎧 PTA – Pure Tone Audiometry

Measures the hearing threshold at different frequencies. Air conduction (AC): Tests entire auditory pathway. Bone conduction (BC): Bypasses outer & middle ear → tests cochlea/neural pathway.

Patterns:

- Conductive: AC ↓ + BC relatively normal → ABG - SNHL: AC ↓ + BC ↓ → No significant ABG - Mixed: AC ↓ + BC ↓ → ABG present ⭐ ABG = "air_bone gap" Conductive component. • PTA frequencies: Usually 250–8000 Hz for air conduction and 250–4000 Hz for bone conduction. #ENT

Cartwheel Sign – AOM

Seen in Stage 2: Hyperemia of acute otitis media. Prominent radial vessels on the tympanic membrane produce a cartwheel appearance.

• Cartwheel appearance → Tympanosclerosis. ° Tympanosclerosis = white chalky plaques ± cartwheel appearance.

#ENT

Ear innervation. #ENT

Toynbee Maneuver

Close the nose + mouth → swallow. Used to assess/open the Eustachian tube and equalize middle-ear pressure. ⭐ Toynbee = Pinch nose + Swallow

Valsalva Maneuver

Close nose + mouth → forceful expiration. #ENT

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

VZV reactivation in geniculate ganglion of CN VII.

Triad: 1. Ipsilateral LMN facial palsy 2. Severe ear pain 3. Vesicular rash in/around the ear

→May cause hearing loss, vertigo & tinnitus. ⭐ Facial palsy + otalgia + vesicles = Ramsay Hunt. °•.Differentiate from Bell’s palsy: 👉 Ramsay Hunt has vesicular rash and usually more severe facial paralysis. #ENT

Aural Wick

Used in severe otitis externa when canal edema prevents ear drops from reaching the skin. Function: Holds topical medication against the swollen canal. ⭐ Severe EAC edema → Aural wick + topical drops. #ENT

Auricle innervation. #ENT

Arnold’s Reflex

Stimulation of auricular branch of CN X → Cough. 📌 Also called Ear-cough reflex. ⭐ Ear canal stimulation → Vagus → Cough 🖇Clinical: Can occur during ear examination or cerumen removal. #ENT

▶Microtia – 4 Grades Marx Classification:

• Grade I: Small ear, most structures present. • Grade II: Smaller ear + incomplete/abnormal structures. • Grade III: Peanut-shaped ear + usually aural atresia. • Grade IV: Anotia → complete absence of auricle. #ENT

_ أجمل أنواع التخلي؛ هو إنك تخلي يومك يعدي !🙂💔

• In the darkest moments,.. YOU're the Light🔥🤍.

Clogged Pore.

Q. Miliary TB — Why poor prognosis? Miliary TB = hematogenous dissemination → multiorgan involvement → high morbidity & mortality. #Dermatology