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Protozoalive WITHIN host cells Defense mechanism against
protozoathat lives inside macrophage is Cell mediated immunity>macrophage activation by TH1-derived cytokines
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مختصر
🚨 MCQ ALERT
CMV, HIV, HSV, Adenovirus → ↓ MHC I.
Measles → blocks IL-12 → ↓ Th1 response.
Influenza/HCV/HIV/HSV → interfere with interferon pathways.
HSV → blocks C3b.
HIV/HCV/SARS-CoV-2 → evade antibody responses.
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المهمات اذا مالكم خلك
🔹🔥 ↓ MHC I → Escape CD8
T cells
🪽 Viruses: HIV, HSV, CMV, Adenovirus
🔹Why important?
🪽 This is the classic viral evasion mechanism.
🔹🔥 Block IL-12 → ↓ Th1 response
🪽 Virus: Measles
🔹Why important?
🪽 Less cell-mediated immunity.
🔹🔥 Block interferon action
🪽 Viruses: Influenza, HCV, HIV, HSV
🔹Why important?
🪽 Interferon is the major early antiviral defense.
🔹🔥 Block C3b
🪽 Virus: HSV
🔹Why important?
🪽 Less opsonization and less complement activity.
🔹🔥 Change/hide envelope proteins
🪽 Viruses: HIV, HCV, SARS-CoV-2
🔹Why important?
🪽 Antibodies bind poorly.
👑 Ultra-short exam note
🪽 CMV/HIV/HSV → ↓ MHC I
🪽 Measles → ↓ IL-12 → ↓ Th1
🪽 Influenza/HCV/HIV/HSV → block interferon
🪽 HSV → blocks C3b
🪽 HIV/HCV/SARS-CoV-2 → escape antibodies
🔹🧨 If I had to bet on the MOST tested row:
🥇 ↓ MHC I → escape CD8 T cells
🥈 Interferon inhibition
🥉 IL-12/Th1 suppression
🔹Everything else is secondary. 👑🔥
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Virus defense:
Interferons + NK cells.
Interferon:
Produces antiviral state in neighboring cells.
NK cells:
Recognize absence of MHC I.
NK killing:
Perforin + Granzyme.
Perforin:
Forms pores.
Granzyme:
Induces apoptosis.
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🔹🪝 Fc Binding
🪽 Staphylococci → produce Protein A → binds Fc portion of
IgG🪽 Some Streptococci → produce substances that bind Fc portion of
IgAانتبهوا للفرق الStAph عدها A متحتاج تاخذ A فتاخذ IgG الStrept ما عدها A فتحتاج A فتاخذ IgA هاي من يمي نمونك حفظوها :)
