WILL OF MED NINJA🥷🔥.

الصور واضحات أو أخليهم مثل كذا

هذا ملخص للباثو لما تم دراسته في الأسبوع الماضي راجعوا منه لو تشتوا عشان ال Quiz حق بكره

Nothing to lose⛓️ Everything to win🔥

⭕️نقاط ركز عليها الدكتور خاصة الثلاث النقاط الأولى

🔹 Langhans giant cell: Arranged in a horseshoe pattern 🔹 Foreign body giant cell: Arranged in a scattered pattern 🔹 The mediator IL-8 is for: Chemotaxis 🔹 Regeneration occurs: ▪️ All the time in labile tissues ▪️ Limited in stable tissues ▪️ Does not occur at all in permanent tissues

🔸️Tissue Repair:the restoration of tissue architecture and function after an injury. 🔸️Regeneration: full restoration of normal tissue structure and function. 🔸️Scarring: replacement by fibrous tissue when full regeneration is impossible. 🔹️Role of Stem Cells: ▪️Provide new cells for regeneration ▪️Essential for tissue repair ▪️Present in labile and stable tissues 🔹️Scarring involves : ▪️Creating new blood vessels ▪️laying down collagen ▪️remodeling the collagen 🔹️Three types of tissues: ▪️Labile → regenerate easily ▪️Stable → limited regeneration ▪️Permanent → no regeneration, scar only 🔹️First intention healing: ▪️Fast healing ▪️Minimal inflammation & scar ▪️Small wounds 🔹️Second intention healing: ▪️Large, open wounds ▪️Slow healing ▪️More inflammation & scarring 🔸️Keloid scar = excessive fibrosis beyond wound margin. 🔸️Proud flesh = excessive granulation tissue protrudes above wound surface. 🔹️Granulation Tissue ≠ Granuloma 🔸️Granulation tissue: normal healing process 🔸️Granuloma: chronic inflammatory lesion

🔸️Inflammation: A protective physiological response to cell injury 🔹️Involves: ▪️ vascular events ▪️cellular events ▪️chemical mediator events 🔹️Cardinal Signs of Inflammation: ▪️Redness (Rubor) → vasodilation & hyperemia ▪️Heat (Calor) → increased blood flow ▪️Swelling (Tumor) → exudate + inflammatory cells ▪️Pain (Dolor) → edema + bradykinin & prostaglandins ▪️Loss of function (Functio laesa) → pain + swelling 🔹️Purpose of Inflammation: ▪️Localize the injury ▪️Eliminate the cause ▪️Repair damaged tissue 🔸️Effects of Inflammation🔸️ 🔹️Local: ▪️Killing microorganisms ▪️Swelling & loss of function 🔹️Systemic: ▪️Fever ▪️Malaise ▪️Leukocytosis 🔹️Leukocytosis: ▪️Neutrophils ↑ → acute bacterial infection ▪️Lymphocytes ↑ → viral or chronic inflammation 🔸️Fever🔸️ 🔹️Caused by cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF) ▪️Improves leukocyte killing ▪️Inhibits microbial replication 🔸️Acute Phase Reactants🔸️ ▪️CRP & ESR ↑ ▪️Produced by liver Due to IL-1, IL-6, TNF 🔸️Classification of Inflammation🔸️ 🔹️Acute inflammation: ▪️Short duration (days–weeks) ▪️Neutrophils ▪️Cardinal signs present 🔹️Chronic inflammation: ▪️Long duration (months–years) ▪️Lymphocytes, macrophages ▪️Fibrosis 🔸️Morphologic Patterns of Acute Inflammation🔸️ ▪️Serous → protein-poor fluid (blister) Suppurative (purulent) → pus ▪️Boils (Furuncle) →collection of abscess commonly in hair follicles ▪️Ulcerative → loss of epithelium ▪️Pseudomembranous → diphtheria ▪️Fibrinous → fibrin deposition (pericarditis, pleura) 🔸️ Acute Inflammatory Response🔸️ 🔹️ Vascular events: ▪️Vasoconstriction (seconds) ▪️Vasodilation ▪️Increased vascular permeability ▪️Stasis of blood 🔹️Cellular events: ▪️Margination ▪️Rolling ▪️Adhesion ▪️Migration (diapedesis) ▪️Chemotaxis ▪️Phagocytosis 🔹️Humoral events: ▪️Chemical mediators ▪️The cornerstone of inflammation ▪️Control vascular & cellular responses 🔸️Exudate: high protein, inflammatory 🔸️Transudate: low protein, non-inflammatory 🔹️Outcomes of Acute Inflammation: ▪️Resolution ▪️Fibrosis ▪️Abscess formation ▪️Progression to chronic inflammation

في فقط هذا التعديل

⭕️طبعاً كلام الدكتور مهم جداً جداً والذي كتبته هنا كله من كلام الدكتور وتقريباً شامل لكل ما قاله

سلايدات عملي لمادة علم الأمراض: Including identify and features for Necrosis & Apoptosis

*Apoptosis* 🔹️One cell 🔹️Shrunken cell bodies 🔹️Fragmented nuclei with condensed chromatin 🔹️Some pieces of cells breaking off

Identify: Fibrinoid Necrosis in artery 🔹️Microscopic Features *Bright pink, struckless area in the arterial wall *Endothelial injury *Fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries *Formation of pink fibrin

*🔹️Dry Gangrene:* *Black, dry, shrunken tissue *Usually in distal extremities *Minimal inflammation *🔹️Wet Gangrene:* *Red/black, swollen, moist tissue *Usually in internal organs *Associated with bacterial infection and tissue liquefaction

Identify: Pancreatic fat necrosis 🔹️Gross Features: *White, chalky deposits. *Hard necrotic areas. *saponification. 🔹️Microscopic Features: *Necrotic fat cells with vague outlines *Loss of nuclei. *pink granular cytoplasm macrophages, giant cells.

Identify: Lung – Caseous necrosis (Tuberculosis) 🔹️Gross Features: *Large yellow-white cheesy necrotic area *Friable (قابل للتفتت) 🔹️Microscopic Features: *Acellular pink eosinophilic necrotic tissue. *Surrounded by granulomatous inflammation: epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, Langhans giant cells.

Identify: Liver – Liquefactive necrosis (Pyogenic abscess) 🔹️Gross Features: *Multiple micro-abscesses. *Pale/yellow soft areas. 🔹️Microscopic Features: *Numerous neutrophils causing focal liquefactive necrosis. *Beginning of organizing abscess wall. *Pink fibrin deposition.