GIT system

ومن أخذ نسخة فلا مشكلة في ذلك ، لكن عليه أن يراجع نسخته مع آخر ما سيتم نشره.

لا أنصح بطباعة المحاضرات حالياً؛ لأنها تمر بمراجعة ..إضافة وحذف وتعديل ؛ لكن ستكون مكتملة بإذن الله مع آخر محاضرة. فلا يخلو عمل البشر من النقص المستدرك ،ومن ثم نأمل ممن يعثر على خلل أن يوجهنا لتصحيحه، أو يجد قصورا أن ينبهنا لإتمامه. #دمتم_بخير

Vomiting non GIT

للإستذكار 💡

Crohn disease Crohn disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of unclear etiology. Unlike ulcerative colitis, CD is not limited to the colon but can manifest anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical features commonly include diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal pain but differ according to disease severity. Extraintestinal manifestations may occur in the eyes, joints, and skin. Diagnosis is based primarily on characteristic endoscopic features (ulcerations, skip lesions, cobblestone appearance) and evidence of intestinal inflammation on imaging. Celiac disease Celiac disease, also referred to as celiac sprue or nontropical sprue, is a common condition characterized by a maladaptive immune response to gluten, a protein found in many grains (e.g., wheat). The disease often occurs in patients with other autoimmune illnesses, as both are associated with HLA variants (human leukocyte antigens, which encode immunoregulatory proteins) that cause pathologically increased immune responses. The underlying pathophysiology is believed to be a combination of gluten intolerance, which triggers an autoimmune reaction, and production of autoantibodies that target tissue transglutaminase, specifically within the proximal small intestine. Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is common in individuals of European descent. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which encodes the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. These mutations result in defective chloride (Cl-) channels. Mandated newborn screening (NBS) in many countries can frequently detect CF during the asymptomatic newborn period. Initial manifestations may include meconium ileus, failure to thrive, and symptoms of malabsorption, and later in life, patients may experience symptoms such as recurrent respiratory infections, recurrent pancreatitis, and infertility.

Clinical Manifestation of Whipple's Diseases SHELDA